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What are DRIs?
- • Standards to guide safe & adequate intakes of essential nutrients for healthy humans.
- – Sick individuals have different needs.
• The year 2001, 2002, 2004 revision values were designed to promote optimal function & health for healthy people.
• Are specific for groups of people based on: life stage, gender, conditions of pregnancy & lactation.
• Are adequate for moderately active people.
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How are DRIs established?
• By scientific committee literature review.
• Nutrients are given an Recommended Dietary Allowance(RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), or Estimated Average Requirement(EAR) value by life stage & gender.
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How are DRIs established?
RDA:
level to meet 97-98% of needs
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How are DRIs established?
AI:
average or mean intake level
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How are DRIs established?
EAR:
average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the
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Other DRI Components
- • Tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for vitamins& minerals.
- – Highest intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects.
- • Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges(AMDR) for energy producing nutrients &essential fatty acids.
- – % Calorie range.
• Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) for Calories.
• DRI for physical activity.
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DRIs Exist For:
- • Vitamins
- • Minerals
- • Water
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DRI for Protein
• The adult DRI for protein is set at 0.8 grams/Kg.This level is for inactive persons.
• See appendix for gram/Kg need for infants,children, and adolescents.
- • Although not DRIs: Active persons need more than the DRI, approximately 1.2 - 1.6 grams/Kg.
- Endurance athletes need more than the DRI,approximately 1.8-2.0 grams/Kg.
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DRI for Calories
- • Is calculated from formulas (See Appendix).
- • Is set as an EAR and is the called the estimated energy requirement (EER).
- • The EER is based on age, gender, and physical activity.
- • The formulas require height in meters and weight in kilograms.
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DRI for Carbohydrate,Fiber & Fat
• Carbohydrate: At least 130 gm/day for adults
- • Fiber: M 38 gm/d F 25 gm/d, [adults]
- • 1.4 gm/100 Calories consumed
• FAT: not determined for adults
- • Essential Fatty Acids:
- • Linoleic Acid:M17 F12 [adults, gm/d ]
- • Alpha-Linolenic Acid: M 1.6 F 1.1 [adults, gm/d ]
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DRI for Exercise
• There is a DRI for exercise!
• It is 60 minutes cumulative moderate exercise per day.
• That means moving body parts and sweating while you are doing it.
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Na, K, Cl & Water
• In 2004 the DRI was published for Water and the Electrolytes (Na, Cl, and K)
• Sodium (Na): 1.5 gm if 19-50 years Sodium
• Chloride (NaCl): 19-50 years 3.8 gm (3.8 gm NaCl – 1.5 gm Na = 2.3 gm/day of Cl)
• Potassium (K): 4.7 gm/day if >18
• Water: 2.7 L/day if F 3.7 L/day if M
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Tolerable Upper Intake Levels: ULs
• For vitamins with DRIs
• For minerals with DRIs
• For arsenic, boron,nickel, silicon, vanadium
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DRIs Do Not Exist For:
- • Cholesterol
- • Sulfur (sulfate)
- • Cobalt
- • Non-essential, nutritional supplements
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DRIs are used
to achieve nutritional balance and health in the population.
• in nutrition assessment, meal planning, health care, research, food industry, national defense, food programs, public policy, etc.
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