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the study of the Earth
Geography
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5 Themes of Geography
- Location: absolute - any place that has a coordinate
- relative - a place compared to another place
- Place: refers to physical and human features
- HEI: how mankind interacts to its surroundings
- Movement: transportation of an object or ideas from one place to another
- Region: share common characteristics
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measure of how far north or south a location is from the equator
Latitude
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measure of how far east or west a place is from the Prime Meridian
Longitude
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latitude and longitude lines overlapped
Grid
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shows direction on a map
Compass Rose
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representation of usually a flat surface of the whole or part of an area
Map
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round representation of the earth; shows true shape of continents and oceans
Globe
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Name the 7 Continents
- North America
- South America
- Antarctica
- Europe
- Africa
- Asia
- Australia
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Name the 4 Oceans
- Atlantic
- Arctic
- Pacific
- Indian
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How regions are divided
human or physical
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share common characteristics
Region
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Examples of Physical Characteristics
Rockies, Mississippi River
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Examples of Human Characteristics
Antique Village, roads
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weather conditions over a long period of time
Climate
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day to day conditions of an area
Weather
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Climate Regions
page 52-53
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places that are much higher than the land around them
Mountain
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flat surfaces at low levels
Plain
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raised areas of land with a flatter top
Plateau
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large area with little or no moisture or vegetation
Desert
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low lying areas between mountains
Valley
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deep valley having high, steep slopes
Canyon
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narrow channel of water connecting two larger areas
Strait
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chain of islands
Archipelago
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area of water bordering on a curved coastline
Gulf
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large area of saltwater
Sea
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great body of saltwater surrounding the earth
Ocean
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narrow strip of land with water on either side connecting two large land areas
Isthmus
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an area surrounded by water on three sides
Peninsula
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accumulation of sediment at the mouth of a river
Delta
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a large stream of water of natural origin which drains an area of land
River
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Small body of water surrounded by land
Lake
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cone shaped mountain that erupts
Volcano
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any one of 7 large landmasses on the earth's surface
Continent
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an area politically controlled
Country
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What are the 4 Spheres?
- biosphere - life
- lithospshere - land
- atmosphere - air
- hydrosphere - water
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movement of crustal plates
Plate Tectonics
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large supercontinent
Pangea
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4 Parts of the Earth
- inner core
- outer core
- mantle
- crust
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a crack or break in the earth's crust
Fault
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large sea waves created by undersea tectonic activity like earthquakes
Tsunamis
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What is Rotation? How long?
causes day and night - 24 hours
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What is a Revolution? How many?
365.25 days to move around sun; seasons
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goods being shipped out of a country
Export
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economic system in which individuals own and operate the factors of production
Market Economy
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economic system in which the government owns and operates the factors of production
Command Economy
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govt ownership of all or some of means of production
Socialism
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social and political movement that favored revolution to establish a classless society in which workers would control industrial production
Communism
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economic system based upon customs and traditions
Traditional Economy
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different cultures
Ethnic Diversity
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share common culture
Culture
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What is NAFTA?
North America Free Trade Agreement - all non-tariff barriers to agricultural trade between USA
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people who come to a new country to live
Immigrant
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people per square mile
Population Density
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Explain the 4 stages of the DTM
information taken from industrialized countries to see what similarities there are between countries and deciding what stage other countries are going through at this moment in time
- Stage 1: primitive
- Stage 2: lots of births, slight modernization
- Stage 3: low death rate and birth rate, more industrialized
- Stage 4: industrialized, stable population
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polluted rain that can damage trees and kill fish in lakes
Acid rain
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fit for growing crops
Arable land
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part of a waterfall
Cataract
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Movement of water in a river or ocean
Current
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winds around centers of low atmospheric pressure
Cyclone
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removing salt from water
Desalination
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areas with no prevailing winds
Doldrums
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narrow deep inlets of the sea set between high rocky cliffs
Fjord
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places where rocks have been compressed into bends by colliding plates
Fold
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thick masses of ice
Glacier
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most powerful and destructive tropical cyclones
Hurricane
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wind system in which winds reverse direction and cause seasons of wet and dry weather
Monsoon
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place where spring bubbles to the surface in desert areas and plants grow
Oasis
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condensed droplets of water that fall as rain
Precipitation
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violent twisting spirals of air
Tornado
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large sea waves created by undersea tectonic activity like earthquakes
Tsunami
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hurricanes in the Pacific
Typhoon
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World Map (Cont. and Oceans)
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Be able to read charts and graphs
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