Unit 2 (CNS & CT)

medical term for "brain"

medical term for "spinal cord"

the outer portion of the brain:

the inner portion of the brain:

the three divisions of the brain:

divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres:

a double fold of duramatter that connects to the crista gali:

stem-like portion that joins the cerebrum to the pons and cerebellum:

parts of the forebrain:

parts of the midbrain:

parts of the hindbrain:

composed of structures located near the midline of the brain:

nerve fiber that connects the right and left hemisphere:

an endocrine gland located in the hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica:

the third ventricle is surrounded by:

inferior to the diencephalon is the:

largest part of the hindbrain:

median constricted area that seperates the
hemispheres of the cerebellum:

separates cerebellum from cerebrum:

describe the appearance of the cerebellum:

tissue between the fissures of the cerebellum:

upper position of hindbrain where the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla come together:

Between the pons and spinal cord, the lower portion of the hindbrain:

the inner portion of the spinal cord:

the outer portion of the spinal cord:

at what vertebral level does the spinal cord end?

the spinal cord connects to the medulla oblongata at the level of:

the pointed area where the spinal cord ends:

a fibrous strand that extends from the conus medullaris and attaches the cord to the upper coccygeal segment:

there are _______ pairs of spinal nerves, and each pair arises from:

where the nerves extend inferiorly through the vertebral canal below the termination of the spinal cord:

protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord:

the highly vascular inner sheath that adheres closely to the underlying brain and cord structures:

the delicate, avascular central sheath that resembles a spider web:

the outermost, fibrous protective sheath of the spinal cord:

nicknames for the pia and the dura meninges:

the epidural space is between:
the subdural space is between:
the subarachnoid is between:

widened areas of the subarachnoid space:

the widest space of the subarachnoid space:

describe the shape and location of the cisternae cerebellomedularis (cisterna magna):

the ______________ is continuous with the ventricles.

the subarachnoid space communicates with the ventricles by way of the:

alternate names for the median aperture and the lateral aperture:

where are the median and lateral apertures located?

where is cerebrospinal fluid contained?

an area they sometimes stick to enter the subarachnoid space:

fibrous membrane that covers bones except at articular surfaces:

two spaces that do not communicate with the ventricular system and are potential sites of hemorrhaging:

the __________ space has a thin film of fluid, and the ___________ space is wider and filled with CSF.

results from bleeding between the dura and the skull, usually caused by tearing of the middle menigeal artery in the temporal region:

results from bleeding that develops between the dura and the arachnoid:

which hematoma is more often a slow bleed from a tear in a vein?

a chronic subdural hematoma may occur in what type of patient? 

a tear in the arachnoid can:

name the two layers of the dura at cranial level:

the endosteal and meningeal layers of the dura are fused together, except for spaces that are called __________ which are large venous blood channels.

lines the cranial bones, serving as periosteum to their inner surface:

protects the brain, supports blood vessels, and has four partitions (for support and protection of various parts of the brain):

list the four divisions of the meningeal layer of the dura:

runs through the interhemispheric fissure and provides support for the cerebral hemispheres:

seperates the cerebrum from the cerebellum:

lower portion of the dura mater:

dura extends below the spinal cord to the level of:

what structures create CSF?

a water cushion protecting the brain and spinal cord from physical injury:

the ventricles all contain:

located on each side of the MSP in the inferior and medial part of the cerebal hemispheres:

give the names of the central, anterior, posterior,and inferior portions of the right and left lateral ventricles:

each lateral ventricle is connected to the third ventricle by a channel called the:

describe the appearance of the 3rd ventricle:

the 3rd ventricle also connects posteroinferiorly with the 4th ventricle by means of a passage known as:

diamond shaped cavity of the hindbrain that lies anterior to the cerebellum and posterior to the pons and upper portion of the medulla:

the pointed end of the 4th ventricle is continuous with the:

the 4th ventricle communicates with the __________ via median and lateral apertures.

radiologic examination of the central nervous system structures within the vertebral canal such as the spinal cord and its nerve root branches:

what occurs during a myelogram?

pathologies visualized with myelography (6):

name the two areas of puncture for myelography:

contrast used to better visualize nerve root branches:

give the history of contrast usage on myelograms:

list the non-ionic agents used in myelography:

how is the contrast for a myelogram commonly administered?

describe water-soluble vs. oil-based contrast in terms of how much is needed in myelogram procedures:

contrast is in the ______ on post myelogram studies.

though rarely used, negative agents for a myelogram are:

how do positive and negative contrast movements differ in a myelogram?

name some contraindications for a myelogram:

name some things that should be done when prepping for a myelogram procedure:

during a myelogram, what must be done when the patient is in the trendelenburg position and why?

be familiar with the injection process to the lumbar area:

be familiar with the myelogram process after needle is placed:

be familiar with the myelogram process after the contrast is administered:

be familiar with the injection process to the cervical area:

list some qualities of water-soluble media used today for myelograms that make it desirable:

positioning used for projections taken during a myelogram procedure:

for a myelogram, crosstable lateral radiographs are obtained with:

a rapid, noninvasive form of radiography that produces sectional images and was first introduced in the 70s:

for a CT head, what alignment is used?

what is best viewed on a coronal orientation for a CT head?

describe the slices taken during a CT head:

name pathologies viewed on a pre-infusion CT head (4):

name pathologies viewed on a post-infusion CT head (6):

what is CT most useful for demonstrating (9)?

in a CT head, how do an ischemic and a hemorrhagic stroke appear different?

what is a CT spine useful for?

the myelographic procedure is usually followed by:

be familiar with the specifics of a CT Myelography (CTM):

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not a valuable tool for:

name pathologies viewed by MRI:

name contraindications to MRI:

what is the imaging modality of choice in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?

brain stem lesions as small as ___________ can be identified on thin-slice axial MRI images

used for brain and cervical area MRIs:

used in MRIs of the spine below the cervical area:

For MRIs, what contrast is used to enhance tumor visualization:

imaging protocols may include _________ weighted images.

a noninvasive modality of radiology that began in 1980s that provides detail of the brain, spinal cord, intervertebral disks, and CSF within the subarachnoid space, but is blind to bone:

a radiographic procedure in which images are created by the response of loosely bound hydrogen atoms to the magnetic field:

angiography is used to:

be familiar with the process of an angiogram:

—angiographic tubes need a minimum focal spot size of _______ for routine imaging and _______ for magnification.

—an angiographic procedure used to assess
vascular abnormalities within the CNS:

provides a pre-surgical road map and is also performed in combination with interventional techniques to assess the placement of devices before and after the procedures:

involves the placement of various coils, medications, filters, stents, or other devices to treat a particular problem or provide therapy, and one type involves the introduction of small spheres, coils, or other materials into vessels to occlude blood flow:

embolization techniques are often performed to treat:

used to open occluded vessels by the injection of specialized anticoagulant medications or by the inflation of small balloons within the vessel:

—an examination of individual intervertebral disks where an injection is made into the nucleus pulposis- using double needle entry and water-soluble contrast to diagnose
internal lesions within a disk for rupture of the nucleus pulposus which can not be demonstrated by myelography:

interventional procedures used to treat spinal compression fractures and other pathologies of the vertebral bodies that have not responded to treatment:

be familiar with the process of a percutaneous vertebroplasty:

be familiar with the process of a kyphoplasty:

what are the success rates and risks involved with both vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty: