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Name seven drug sources.
- 1.) Animals
- 2.) Plants
- 3.) Fungi
- 4.) Bacteria
- 5.) Recombinant DNA
- 6.) Minerals
- 7.) Synthetic
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What are the four components of a drug regimen?
- Route
- Dosage
- Frequency
- Duration
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Name some influences on the route of administration.
- form
- chemical properties
- onset of action
- behavior of animal
- nature of condition being treated
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True/False: Oral administration is not suitable when patient has vomitting or diarhhea.
True
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True/False: Oral meds provide slower absorption and have a longer effect.
True
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Define Efficacy
Degree to which the drug produces it's desired response.
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Name the five rights of drug administration be the technician.
- Right patient
- Right Drug
- Right Dose
- Right Route
- Right Frequency
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True/False: Intracelllar fluids make up 2/3 of bodily fluids.
True
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What are the three minerals in the intracellular space?
potassium, magnesium, phosphate
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Where are some places extracellular fluid is found?
- Intersitial fluid
- Intra-ocular fluid
- Plasma
- CSF
- GI Fluids
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What are the three minerals that are found in the extracellular space?
- Sodium
- Chloride
- Bicarbonate ion
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Which type of fluid causes no change in cell size or water concentration?
A. ) Isotonic
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Name two examples of common isotonic fluids in a veterinary clinic.
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Up to what hydration status should you administer isotonic fluids?
10% or less
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Which type of fluids should be used in very dehydrated or hemmoraging animals?
Hypertonic
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What are two examples of common Hypertonic fluids?
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Which type of fluids causes water to move out of the cells and into the extracellular fluid?
Hypertonic
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Is edema more common in the intracellular or extracellular space?
Extracellular space.
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Ascities can be caused by what?
- Inflammatory response
- Decreased plasma proteins due to liver failure, starvation or parasites.
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What do balanced fluids refer to?
Fluids that resemble ECF in composition.
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What are some examples of balanced fluids?
- Normasol
- 0.9% Saline
- Lactated Ringers Soln
- (these fluids also happen to be isotonic)
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True/False: Hypertonic fluids can shift from ECF to ICF.
False.
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What are the three factors used to calculate daily fluid replacement?
- Hydration deficeit
- Maintenance/ fluid intake
- OnGoing losses
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True/False: 1 Liter is approximately equal to 1 Kg.
True
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What is the rule of thumb for daily maintenance?
50-100mL/Kg/day
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For more severe fluid loss, and to deliver fluids quiclkly which route should be used?
IV
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True/False: Hypertonic solutions can be given SC.
False
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Where can Intraosseous fluids be given?
Femur, humerus, ileum
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How many gtt/mL in a macrodrip set?
10-15
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How many gtt/mL in a microdrip set?
60
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What physical signs should be monitored during fluid replacement?
- Lung sounds
- Skin tugor
- Urine output
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0.9% Nacl, LRS, 5% Dextrose are examples of what type of soln?
Crystalloid
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When a drug stock concentration is expressed as a percentage, how do you convert to mg/mL?
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What is the main difference between LRS and Normasol?
Normasol is calcium free and also has a dual buffering system.
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Fluids that contain very large particles that stay in the vascular system are called what?
Colliod Solutions
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What are some fluid additives?
- Na Bicarnonate
- KCL- Potassium Chloride
- Calcium
- 50% Dextrose
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When is oral electrolyte replacement used?
- Mild to moderate dehydration
- Farm animals
- Some glucose for caloric supplementation.
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Name functions of the circulatory system.
- Transports nutrients to tissue
- Transport waste products away
- Transport hormones
- Maintenance of tissue enviroment
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Name the parts of the circulatory system in order of bloodflow to tissue.
Ateries---Arterioles---Capillaries---Venules---Veins
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Which part of the circulatory system can close down or expand to alter bloodflow?
Arterioles
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ad. lib
Freely, as wanted
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SOAP
subjective, objective, assessment, plan
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