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Developmental Biology Exam 1
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Developmental biology
Study of progressive changes of cells and tissues
Embryo
Stages from fertilization to hatching (birth)
Larva
Stages between embryo and sexual maturity
Vertebrate models for studies
Xenopus laevis
Gallus gallus
Mus musculus
Danio rerio
Invertebrate models
Drosophila melanogaster
Caenorhabditis elegans
Preformation
Idea that a completely formed organism grows larger during embryogenesis
Homunculus
Tiny human believed to be in the head of each human sperm by preformationists
Epigenesis
Idea that organs and structures are formed in stages during embryogenesis
Cell theory
States that cells are the basic unit of life
1. All organisms are made of cells
2. Cells arise from other cells
Germ cells
Produce gametes
Gametes
Eggs and sperms
Haploid cells formed by meiosis
Somatic cells
Diploid cells which divide by mitosis
Mutations
Alter DNA sequences and may alter cell phenotype
Fertilization
Haploid gametes and their DNA join to form a diploid zygote
Zygote
One-cell embryo, or fertilized egg
Differentiation
Cellular specialization
Early embryo cells
Relatively generic
Pluripotent
Differential gene expression
Different genes are expressed at different times
Animal pole
The top of an amphibian embryo
(Limbs, head, etc.)
Vegetal pole
The bottom of an amphibian embryo
Contains large, heavy yolk particles (lipids)
(usually turns into the guts)
Cytoplasmic determinants
Some embryos have distinctive regions of cytoplasm
E.g. Tunicates have myoplasm
Myoplasm
Region of cytoplasm that give rise to muscle cells in tunicates
Mosaic development
Determinants in the egg are divided into different cells, directing different fates
Cell-autonomous
Cell-autonomous
Inherent ability or fate in a cell (due to a determinant)
Regulative development
Cells sense their relative positions and differentiate based on external cues
non-cell-autonomous
This is usually observed
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Author
omi14
ID
197476
Card Set
Developmental Biology Exam 1
Description
Study guide for exam 1 of developmental biology course
Updated
2013-02-03T02:56:05Z
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