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Planes
Sagittal, median, transvers/horizontal, frontal/coronal
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Sagittal plane
Vertical, right/left
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Median plane
- Sagittal, midline
- (Vertical, right/left)
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Transverse plane
- AKA horizontal
- Runs parallel to the ground, superior/inferior
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Frontal/coronal plane
Vertical, anterior/posterior
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Sections
Longitudal, cross/transverse, oblique
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Longitudal section
Cut through the long axis
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Cross/transverse section
Cut through the right angle to the long axis
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Oblique section
Non-right angle cut across the long axis
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Three large cavities in the trunk
Thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
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Thoracic cavity
Top cavity, surrounded by the rib cage, superior to the diaphram
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Mediastinum
Divides the thoracic cavity into right and left parts
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What does the mediastinum contain?
- Heart, thymus, trachea, and esophagus.
- The lungs are on either side.
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Abdominal cavity
Middle cavity, enclosed by abdominal muscles
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What does the abdominal cavity contain?
Stomach, liver, kidneys, splee, pancreas, intestines
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Pelvic cavity
Bottom cavity, encased by pelvic bones
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What does the pelvic cavity contain?
Reproductive organs, bladder, part of the large intestines
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Abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal and pelvic cavities
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Serous membranes
Covers and lines the organ of the trunk cavities.
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Visceral serous membrane
Inner part
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Parietal serous membrane
Outer part
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Pericardial cavity
- Surrounds the heart
- Is b/t the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium
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Visceral pericardium
Covers the heart (inner)
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Parietal pericardium
Surrounds the pericardial cavity (outer)
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Pericardial fluid
Fluid in the pericardial cavity
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Pleural cavity
- Surround each lung
- Is b/t the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura
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Visceral pleura
Covers each lung (inner)
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Parietal pleura
Surrounds each pleural cavity (outer)
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Pleural fluid
Fluid in the pleural cavity
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Peritoneal cavity
- Lines the abdominopelvic cavity
- Is b/t the visceral peritoneum and the parietal peritoneum
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Visceral peritoneum
Covers many abdominopelvic organs (inner)
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Parietal peritoneum
Lines the abdominopelvic cavity (outer)
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Peritoneal fluid
Fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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What are mesenteries?
Two layers of fused peritoneum
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What do mesenteries connect?
Connects the visceral peritoneum (inner) of some organ to the parietal peritoneum (outer) of the abdominopelvic wall or to the visceral peritoneum of other organs.
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What do mesenteries do?
Anchors organs to the abdominopelvic wall and provides pathways for nerves and blood vessels.
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Retroperitoneal
- Attached to the body wall
- Covered with parietal peritoneum (outer)
- Do not have mesenteries
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Which organs are retroperitoneal?
Kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, bladder, parts of the intestines
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