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Anatomical position
Standing, face directed forward, upper limbs hanging to the sides, and palms facing forward.
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Cephalic
Closer to the head (superior)
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Caudal
Closer to the tail (inferior)
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Ventral
Toward the belly (anterior)
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Dorsal
Toward the back (posterior)
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Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment (forearm, thigh)
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Distal
Farther from the point of attachment (hand, foot)
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Lateral
Away from the midline of the body (shoulder, ear)
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Medial
Toward the midline of the body (nose, bellybutton)
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Superficial
Toward/on the surface
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Deep
Internal, away from the surface
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Upper limb
- Shoulder to hand
- Arm, forearm, wrist, hand
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Lower limb
- Hip to foot
- Thigh, leg, ankle, foot
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Central region
Head, neck, trunk
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Trunk
Thorax, abdomen, pelvis
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Abdomen
Between the thorax and pelvis
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Abdomen quadrants
Left-upper, right-upper, left-lower, right-lower
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Abdomen regions
Epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, right/left hypochondriac, lumbar, iliac
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Epigastric region
Top middle
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Umbilical region
Middle middle
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Hypogastric region
Bottom middle
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Hypochondriac region
Right/left top
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Lumbar region
Right/left middle
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Iliac region
Right/left bottom
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