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What does the integumentary system do?
Provides protection, regulates temperature, reduces water loss, and produces vitamin D.
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What does the skeletal system do?
Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and fat.
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What does the muscular system do?
Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat.
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What does the lymphatic system do?
Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and transports fats from the digestive tract.
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What does the respiratory system do?
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH.
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What does the digestive system do?
Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.
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What does the nervous system do?
A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiologic processes, and intellectual functions.
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What does the endocrine system do?
A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions.
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What does the cardiovascular system do?
Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body. Plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature.
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What does the urinary system do?
Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance.
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What does the female reproductive system do?
Produces milk, hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors, and ooxytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development.
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What does the male reproductive system do?
Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors.
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What does the integumentary system consist of?
Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands
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What does the skeletal system consist of?
Bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints
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What does the muscular system consist of?
Muscles and tendons
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What does the lymphatic system consist of?
Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and lymphatic organs (spleen, thymus, tonsils)
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What does the respiratory system consist of?
Lungs and respiratory passages (pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi)
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What does the digestive system consist of?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs (liver, gallbladder, appendix)
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What does the nervous system consist of?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors
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What does the endocrine system consist of?
Glands that secrete hormones (hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes)
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What does the cardiovascular system consist of?
Heart, blood vessels, blood
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What does the urinary system consist of?
Bladder, kidneys, urinary ducts (ureter, urethra)
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What does the female reproductive system consist of?
Vagina, uterus, mammary glands, ovaries, and associated structures
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What does the male reproductive system consist of?
Penis, testes, ducts, prostate gland, and accessory structures
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Responsiveness
An organism’s ability to sense changes both internally and externally and adjust to that change.
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Growth
When cells increase in size or number
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Development
The changes an organism goes through from conception to death.
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Differentiation
A change in cell structure and function from generalized to specialized.
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Morphogenesis
The change in the shape of tissues, organs, and the entire organism.
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Reproduction
The formation of new cells or new organisms.
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Homeostasis
A relatively constant environment within the body.
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Variables
Volume, temperature, and chemical content.
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Set point
The ideal normal value.
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Normal range
A slight increase and decrease of variables.
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Negative feedback
Maintains homeostasis. Provides a counter-reaction to bring the body back to homeostasis.
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Positive feedback
Does not maintain homeostasis. Provides a reaction to make the deviation greater creating a cycle that leads away from homeostasis.
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Receptor
Monitors the value of a variable.
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Control center
Receives information about the variable from the receptor.
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Effector
Produces responses that change the value of the variable.
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