-
medical aspesis vs surgical
- MEDICAL =
- used to reduce # of microbes and prevent spreading
- clean objects
- disinection
- SURGICAL =
- used to eleminate ALL microbes and their spores
- sterile technique (IV, cath placement, injection, sterile dressings)
- sterilization
-
when you hand wash of sterile technique
elbows higher than hands
-
clients who enter healthcare are at risk for nosocomial infections due to
- lower resistance
- increased exposure
- invasive procedures
-
order in which infection occurs
- 1. infectious agent
- 2. reservoir
- 3. means of transmission
- 4. susceptible host
- 5. portal of exit
- 6. portal of entry
-
indirect contact is
- contact by suscetible host with contaminated inanimate object
- ie food poisoning and Hep B
-
vectors are
nonhuman carriers that transmit organisms from one host to another (mosquitos, ticks etc)
-
standard precautions are
- used in care of everyone
- assume everyone is contaminated
- applies to all body fluids except sweat
-
transmission based precautions are
- used in addition to standard
- used for suspected infection
- airborne, droplet, contact
-
airborne precautions include
- private room
- negative air pressure 6-12 exchange's/hr
- door closed
- respirator
- ie TB, chicken pox, Rubeola
-
Droplet precautions include
- transmission by large particles
- private room
- door may be open
- surgical mask within 3 ft of pt
- ie Rubella, mups, diptheris, flu
-
contact precautions
- precautions for infections spreas by direct or indirect contact
- private room
- gloves when entering
- gowns if contact with infected area
- dedicated equipment
- MRSA
-
VRSA is treated with
Zyvox
-
signs of inflammation include
- redness
- swelling
- pain
- tenderness
- restricted movement
- purulent drainage
-
two types of immune response
- humoral - antigen/antibody
- cellular - WBC's
-
signs and symptoms of cellular immune response
- fever
- malaise
- lymph node enlargement
- loss of appetite
- nausea/vomiting
- elevated leukocyte count (>10,000)
-
what is an elevated leukocyte count
>10,000
-
types of nosocomial infections
- exogenous - infect by others
- endogenous - from themselves (normal flora)
- Iatrogenic - from treatment or procedure
-
Iatrogenic
nosocomial infection from treatment or procedure in the hospital (whirlpool)
-
when should you change IV
at the first sign of inflammation
-
most important way to prevent infection
hand washing
-
what should you clean first
the least soiled areas
-
should you use hot water first when cleaning something?
no use cold water to remove organic material
-
keys factors in achieving disinfection
- time
- concentration of chemical
- temp of chemical
- type of organism
-
chlorines uses
- disinfect water
- housekeeping
- HIV
- not used with metals
-
iodines uses
- bacteriocidal
- fairly rapid germicidal effect with detergent
- relatively non-toxic
-
ethyl/isopropl alcohol
- antispetic use
- can be used disinfectant
- acts a germicide
- dries skin
- damages plastic
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