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What is a frequently prescribed as an antidote for acetaminophen?
Acetylcysteine, a mucolytic
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Codeine
Opioid. Suppresses cough through its action on the CNS. Also used for non-productive cough.
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Hydrocodone
Opioid. Also helps in upper respiratory disorders.
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What is a side effect of Codeine?
GI distress (n,v,constipation). Instruct pts to take codeine w/ food.
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Dextromethorphan
Antitussives- non opioid. Found in many different products for cough such as Robitussin and others. Suppresses cough through its action on the CNS.
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Benzonatate (Tessalon)
Antitussives. cough suppressant
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Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
anithistamine that can act as cough suppressant.
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Guaifenesin (Mucinex)
Expectorant. Promotes increased cough production through increasing mucous secretion. Decreases chest congestion.
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What are some adverse effects of Mucinex?
GI upset, Drowsiness, dizziness, allergic reaction (rash)
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what is a contraindication for Mucinex?
may not be recommended for children
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what is some pt teaching that should be done with Mucinex?
Increase fluid intake when taking Mucinex to promote liquefying secretions
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Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst, acetadote)
Mucolytic. Enhances the flow of secretions in the respiratory passages.
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What is the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning?
acetylcyteine (mucomyst)
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Client should not use Mucomyst with ?
GI hemorrhage.
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What type of IV solution can be used as a mucolytic (thins secretions) for upper resp disorders?
Hypertonic saline.
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Phenylephrine
Decongestant. Sympathomimetic that stimulates alpha 1 (vasoconstriction) adrenergic receptors causing reduction in the inflammation of the nasal membranes.
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Ephedrine, Naphazoline, Phenylpropanolamine are all what?
Decongestants.
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What are some side effects of decongestants?
Rebound congestion. Use no longer than 3 to 5 days.
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Because decongestants such as phenylephrine cause vasoconstriciton, pt's with what should avoid using this drug?
HTN and CAD
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Who are decongestants contraindicated in?
People who have chronic rhinitis
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What is the difference between topical (nose drops) and decongestant pills?
Topical agents work faster. Oral agents do not cause rebound congestion.
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Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Antihistamine. H1 antagonist.
Antihistamine action is on the h1 receptors which results in the blocking of histamine release in the small blood vessels, capillaries, and nerves during allergic reactions. Relives symptoms by suppressing mucous secretion.
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What are some side effects of antihistamines?
Sedation, anticholinergic side effects, gastrointestinal dicomfort (nausea, vomiting, constipation, acut toxicity (flushed face, high fever, tachycardia, dry mouth, urinary retention, pupil dilation.
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Who are antihistamines contraindicated in?
3rd trimester of pregnancy, mothers who are breastfeeding and newborns.
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When administering nasal drops, the client should be in what position?
Lateral w/ head in low position
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