week 3

Tissue transplanted from one person to another

hair loss

a blood test that is useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The test uses double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as antigen to detect anti-DNA antibodies. High titers characterize SLE, and low to moderate levels may indicate other rheumatic diseases as well as chronic hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, and biliary cirrhosis.

An antibody that attacks cell nuclei.

an antibody formed in response to, and reacting against, an antigenic constituent of one's own tissues.

having properties of antigen

process in which blood is drawn from a donor, followed by selective separation of one or more constituents and then reinfused back into the body.

the puncture of a joint with a needle and the withdrawal of fluid, performed to obtain samples of synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes

examination of a joint, specifically, the inside structures. The procedure is performed by inserting a specifically designed illuminated device (arthroscope) into the joint through a small incision. 

surgery to relieve pain and restore range of motion by realigning or reconstructing a joint.

Blood cells in early stage of cellular development

flexion of the proximal interphalangeal PIP joint and hyperextension of the DIP, caused by the detachment of the extensor tendon from the middle phalanx, volar displacement and resultant action as a flexor, associated with SLE, rheumatoid arthritis

a skin eruption across the nose and adjacent areas of the cheeks in the pattern of a butterfly, as in lupus erythematosus (50%) 

protein produced by the liver and found in the blood.not normally found in the blood of healthy people. It appears after an injury, infection, or inflammation

abnormal shortening of muscle tissue, rendering the muscle highly resistant to passive stretching.

 class of drugs based on hormones formed in the adrenal gland, used to reduce inflammation. They increase the likelihood of hyperinfection syndrome in patients with threadworm infection.

 those between the second and third (distal) phalanges

a small hemorrhagic spot in the skin or a mucous membrane, larger than a petechia, forming a nonelevated, rounded, or irregular blue or purplish patch

 infection of endocardium, the inner lining of the heart muscle, which also covers the heart valves

nosebleed

escape of a fluid into a part

the rate at which erythrocytes sediment from a well-mixed specimen of venous blood, as measured by the distance that the top of a column of erythrocytes falls in a specified time interval under specified conditions.

formation/production of RBCs

An increase in the severity of a disease or in any of its signs or symptoms.

the normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone marrow

the administration of agents that significantly interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to antigenic stimulation by inhibiting cellular and humoral immunity. It may be deliberate, such as in preparation for bone marrow or other transplantation to prevent rejection by the host of the donor tissue.

any disorder characterized by a localized or generalized enlargement of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels.

a general feeling of discomfort or uneasiness

pertaining to the metacarpal bones of the hand and the phalanges of fingers

A class of antirheumatic drugs, including chloroquine, methotrexate, cyclosporine, and gold compounds, that influence the disease process itself and do not only treat its symptoms.

Any of the spheroid joints between the heads of the metatarsal bones and the bases of the proximal phalanges of the toes.

pertaining to the cells produced in bone marrow or the tissue from which such cells originate

an abnormally low level of neutrophils in the blood

numerous tiny purple or red spots appearing on the skin as a result of tiny hemorrhages within the dermal or submucosal layers. Petechiae range from pinpoint to pinhead size and are flush with the surface

occurs when too much fluid collects in the pleural space (the space between the two layers of the pleura). It is commonly known as "water on the lungs." It is characterized by shortness of breath, chest pain, gastric discomfort (dyspepsia), and cough.

pain in several joints simultaneously.

an inflammation that involves more than one joint. The inflammation may migrate from one joint to another, or there may be simultaneous involvement of two or more joints.

pertaining to many joints

joints between proximal interphalangeal

is a vasospastic disorder causing discoloration of the fingers, toes, and occasionally other areas. This condition can also cause nails to become brittle with longitudinal ridges

different giant cells found with light microscopy in biopsies from individuals with Hodgkin's lymphoma, usually derived from B lymphocytes

an autoantibody (antibody directed against an organism's own tissues) most relevant inrheumatoid arthritis. RF and IgG join to form immune complexes which contribute to the disease process

the partial or complete disappearance of the clinical and subjective characteristics of a chronic or malignant disease. Remission may be spontaneous or the result of therapy. In some cases remission is permanent, and the disease is cured

a disorder in which the mouth and eyes become extremely dry. Sjögren's syndrome is often associated with other autoimmune disorders

incomplete dislocation of a joint

an abnormal condition of the finger characterized by flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint and hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joint. It is caused by a taut profundus tendon in the presence of a weakened distal interphalangeal joint and may be combined with a volar plate rupture. The condition is seen most often in rheumatoid arthritis.

an inflammatory condition of the synovial membrane of a joint as the result of an aseptic wound or a traumatic injury, such as a sprain or severe strain. The knee is most commonly affected. Fluid accumulates around the capsule; the joint is swollen, tender, and painful; and motion is restricted. In most cases, the inflammation subsides and the fluid is resorbed without medical or surgical intervention.

abnormal drop in number of thrombocytes (platelets)

the transfer of tissue from one site to another or from one person or organism to another.

either of two lymphokines that cause hemorrhagic necrosis of certain tumor cells but do not affect normal cells; they have been used as experimental anticancer agents. Tumor necrosis factor α (formerly cachectin ) is produced by macrophages, eosinophils, and NK cells. Tumor necrosis factor β, is lymphotoxin

a hand deformity, seen in chronic rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus, in which swelling of the metacarpophalangeal joints causes the fingers to become displaced to the ulnar side