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Biosocial Development
- 1. @ birth full term infants weighs approx 7 ibs; 20 inches in lenght
- 2. By 4 months: should double (14 ibs)
- 3. By 12 months: should tripple (21 ibs)
- 4. In 2nd year: Growth starts to slow
- 5. By 24 months: Child should weigh almost 30 ibs
- **Newborn needs to eat every 3 hours**
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In just the first 2 years
- 1. The brain weighs 75% of the adult human brain weight
- 2. The height will be about 50% of the adult human height
- 3. The weight will be about 25% of the adult human weight
- **The body growing into the head**
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General Pattern of Physical Development
- 1. Cephatocaudal: From conception to 5 months when the head grows more than the body **infants learn to use upper limbs before the lowe limbs**
- 2. Proximodistal: Until puberty when this pattern reverses to distalproximo
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Nurture (The environment) must provide the infant
- 1. Adequate opportunity to sleep (in particular REM sleep) **Slow wave sleep: restorative to body; growth hormones are released** **REM sleep: lighter stafe of sleep; brain waves reflect to similar brain waves when we are awake; important for our brain and necessary for our survival** ***Child sleeps more than adult and more % of sleep in REM sleep***
- 2. Enough food **The method of breast milk/formulla for 1st year** **No cow milk for one year** **Solids can begin @ 4-6 months**
- 3. Stimulation **Talk, sing, read to the baby** **carry them around, show them things** **play with them, react with the baby**
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Brain Development
- 1. @ fertilization new life begins as a single cell
- 2. 9 months later infant born with trillions of cells
- 3. 100 billion of those cells are called Neurons
- 4. A neuron is a nerve cell that handles infor processing at the cellular level
- 5. Infants born with immature brain and all the neurons it will ever have (most in the brain)
- 6. What happens next depends on the environment providing enough sleep, food, and stimulation
- **Many inputs dendrites only one output axon**
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Brain development refers to the brain maturing through
- 1. Formation of neural connections (Blooming & Pruning) More connections will provide the brain with plasticity and resilience
- 2. Myelination of the axons (For speed)
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The environment MUST provide through
- 1. Sleep (for growth and restoration)
- 2. Food (for myelination)
- 3. Stimulation (for neural connections)
- **The infants brain is literally waiting for experiences to the environment to determine how connections will be made**
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Infants Reflexes: Born with
- 1. Sucking: most important for initial survival
- 2. Rooting: Tickling babies cheecks and they turn to it
- 3. Breathing: taking in oxygen
- 4. Moro: When scared reaching out to ge picked up
- 5. Princer Grasp: shows up @ 12 months, index finger to thumb
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Motor Skills
- 1. Gross: Big
- 2. Fine: Small
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Infants Senses
- 1. Vision: cant see @ birth, vision develops slowely and infants prefer human face
- 2. Hearing: the best born with sense
- 3. Taste: picky about what they eat
- 4. Smell: takes time from myelination
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