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The Germinal Stage (zygote)
- 1.The first 14 days
- 2.Differentiation
- 3.The outter cells will become the placenta (tasks: protection and implantation)
- 4. The inner cells will become the embryo
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The Embryonic Stage (Embryo)
- 1.From the 3rd through the 8th week
- 2.Neural Tube by 22 days becomes the central nervous system
- 3.Cardiovascular system 1st to develop
- 4.The toes last to develop
- 5.All basic organs and parts (except sex organs)
- 6.Spontaneous Abortion of Embryo's 20% miscarriage (50% of women can experience this)
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The Fetal Stage (Fetus)
- 1.Longest stage from the 9th week until birth
- 2.Sex differentiation:12 weeks
- 3.Age of Viability
- 4.Frontal lobe (forebrain) "executive functioning" planning, reasoning, logic, impulse control, judgement
- **Premature birth:22-26 weeks** **The higher up the brain I go the more evolved it gets** **38 weeks ideal to give birth** **ideal birth weight:7 pounds**
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Teratogens
- 1.An agent such as a virus, a drug, or radiation, that can cause malformations in an embryo or fetus.
- 2.All teratogens will slow the growth of the baby but tobacco is the strongest.
- 3.Amount of exposure, drug interaction, timing of exposure, genetic vulnerability
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HIV
- 1.A retrovirus that causes AIDS by infecting helper T cells of the immune system.
- 2.A woman can carry a full term healthy baby without giving it HIV. Cannot breastfeed her own milk, C section, No exchange of fluids.
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Folic Acid
- 1.A B vitamin thats essential for cell growth and reproduction
- 2.Should be taken during pregnancy and prior to pregnancy
- 3.Anti-ox for cancer as well.
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Apgar Scale
:Measures baby's vital signs: 0=lowest 2=highest
- 1. Color: with a score of 0,1,or 2
- 2.Heart Rate: with a score of 0,1,or 2
- 3.Reflexes: with a score of 0,1,or 2
- 4.Muscle Tone: with a score of 0,1,or 2
- 5. Respiratory Effort: with a score of 0,1,or 2
- **add up scores** **taken one min after birth and then 5 mins after birth** **A combined score of 7-10 baby good, 4-6 baby fair, 0-3 baby in very bad shape**
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Dilation Stage
- 1. First and longest stage of labor
- 2. Breaking of the waters and/or contractions: dilate the cervix
- 3. On average 8 hours and can last up to 36 hours
- 4. Must dilate to 10 CM
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Passage of the Fetus
- 1. Second stage in labor
- 2. Head out of the cervix and baby is visible
- 3. Baby's birth complete
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Explusion of the Placenta
- 1. Third and final stage of labor
- 2. Delivering the Placenta
- 3. The after birth
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Anoxia
Baby's brain deprived of oxygen; can cause brain damage even death
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Temperament
- 1. Precursers to personality
- 2. It's inborn and carried through the genes
- 3. Either Hypertonic or hypotonic
- **hypertonic: loud & all over the place baby** **hypotonic: laid back and easy going baby**
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Breech baby
- 1. Baby born feet or buttocks first
- 2. Can result in a C-section
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Cesarean Section (C-section)
- 1. A surgery, will have a scar
- 2. More recovery time
- 3. Used to increase the survival of child and mother with complications of birth
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Birth weight of infant
- 1. Low birth weight (under 5.5 pounds) of a preterm infant vs a small for gestational age (SGA) infant
- 2. SGA babies stronger risk of longer term problems such as mental health problems
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Postpartum Depression
- 1. Occurs after delivery and can prevent bonding
- 2. 6 weeks after delivery
- 3. If on anti-depressants the mother must stop breastfeeding
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Breastfeeding vs bottle feeding
Lactation, building of the milk, colostrum:high antibodies
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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
- 1.All babies should be put to sleep on their backs
- 2.Pacifiers so the baby doesnt go into deep sleep
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World Help Organization (WHO)
- 1. Recommends that babies should be @ least breast fed for the first 6 months
- 2. Dont put baby on cow milk until @ least the baby is one years old
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Miscarriage and Abortion rates of Breast Cancer
- 1. Chances of breast cancer with the number of miscarriages and abortions increases
- 2. Women who have had abortions are likely to have depression, can be suicidal (typically 9 months after abortion)
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