stephanie

vertical distance from the midpoint to the crest or trough

vertical distance from the crest to the trough

horizontal distance form a point on the wave to the corresponding point on the next wave

# waves/ seconds

#seconds/ wave

little circles that get smaller in the waves

the downward limit of water movement as a wave passes

when wave approches shore and water depth is shallower than wave base the waves base the water breaks into

gentle slope

intermediate slope

steep slope

world wide sea level

due to land uplifting or subsiding

is being uplifted relative to sea level

is sinking relative to sea level

valley flooded by rising sea level

smaller waves (summer) transport sand

larger waves (winter) transport sand

• narrower
• steeper
• coarser grains left behind
• darker mafic grains behind (sand is darker)
• more sand in offshore sand bars

the movement of the sand, going back and forth

the bending of waves when they change speed

waves bounce off a flat surface

giant underwater avalanche of sediment and water that flows down the slope

diverging plate boundary

• slice of oceanic crust thrust onto land
• deep sea sediment (chert of turbidites)
• Pillow basalts
• shorted dike complex
• gabbro
• serpentonized ultra mafic rock

flat topped sea mount formed by waves erosion and subrdence

ring shaped coral island

black smokers on mid ocean ridge

max. angle between a plan or surface (bed,fault ect.) and a horizontal surface

line of intersection between a plan or surface and horizontal plane

both limbs dip away from the axis

both limbs dip towards the axis (younger rocks exposed at the axis)

only one limb

nose or "u" points in the direction of plunge

"nose" or "u" pints opposite the direction of plunge

movement is primarily vertical (up and down)

foot wall moves upward relative to the the hanging wall

a low angle (flat) normal fault

hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall

a low angle (flat) reverse fault

movement is primarly horizontal

both horizontal and vertical movement

pass through the earths interior

• first to arrive
• fastest 5.0 km/sec
• compressional wave
• (movement is in same direction as wave travel)

• 3.5 km/sec
• transverse waves" movement is perpendicular to the direction of wave travel)
• only pass through solids not liquids or gas

• follow earth surface
• R(rayleigh) vertical transverse surface wave
• L(love) horizontal traverse surface wave

S wave

seismograph machine

• developed on the 1930's
• measure the amplitude of the S wave and the (S-P) to determine the distance to the quake
• proportional to the total energy released in the quake

• each increase in magnitude means the size of the waves increased by 10
• (energy increased by 10 pie (31.4)

• measure the effects of the shaking at a particular location
• depends on
• distance
• magnitude
• rock type= softer rock

wet sediment turns to liquid when shaken

the wind

bend waves parallel to the shoreline

half the wavelength

backshore

estuaries

some deposition on the side that longshore current is coming from, but an equal amount of erosion on the downcurrent side

a sand bar attached to the coast on one end

offshore rocks left behind as a coastline erodes

continental slope

the edge of the continental shelf

guyot

submarine telephone cables are most commonly broken

trenches