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Accounting
Is the language of business it provides information to the decision maker
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Accounting is the process that...
- Analyzes
- it did or didn't have an impact
- (yes or no) if yes, go to #2
- Records
- all transactions
- Classifies
- determine what cataagory
- Summarizes
- all like thing swill be added together
- less will be
- Reports
- Tangible reports
- Interprets
- The findings
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GAAP
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
A set of procedures ad guidelines were developed to make sure that everyone prepares and interprets them the same way
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Accounting Entity
only record trans that apply to the entry
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Business Structure
Sole Proprietorship: single, one owener
Partnership: agreements between 2 people or more
Corporation: business owned by stockholders
it is possible to lose everything plus personal individual From Business
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Classifying a business according to what the business does to earn money
Service Company: Provides a Service
Merchandise Company: Resale something
Manufacturing Company: Makes & Sells to open
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Accounting
it is the process
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Assets
Cash, land , supplies, office equipment, buildings and other properties of value owned by a firm
Everything a company owes by Title & listed @ purchase price
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Equities
The rights of Financial Claim to the assets
Everything the Company OWNS is equity
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Liabilities
an obligation to pay that comes due in the future
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A=E
Assets = Equity
if paying cash = has to be same on both sides
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A+L+E
- Assets = Liabilities + Equity
- Equity comes after assets is paid
- ie:
- 100,000 = 10,000 + 90,000
50,000 = 5,000 + 45,000
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Financial Statements
Is done Monthly (heading & body Same)
- Balance Sheets: BS
- Statement of owner's equity: SOE
- Income Statement: IS
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Balance Sheet
tells u the balance of the account
Heading: the company's name, the name of the statement, the period of time the statement covers (date)
Body: assets, liabilities, owners equity
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Owners Equity
Financial Position of owner
Heading:the name of the company, the name of the statement, the date
Body: the statement of owners equity summarizes the effects of revenue, expenses & withdrawals on beginning capital.
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Income Statement
Income of the Company
Heading: the name of the company, the name of the statement, the date
Body: Revenue, Expenses, Net Income
*when revenue totals more than expenses, the results is net income.
*When expenses total more than revenue, the results is net loss.
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Accounting Equation
A=L+C-W+R-E
assets-=liabilities+capital-withdrawals+revenue-expenses
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Financial Statements w/ Accounting Equation
BS: A=L+C-W
IS: R-E
SOE: C-W+R-E
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The T account
- Title
- __________________________
- Debit | Credit
- + or - | + or -
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Expanded Accounting Equation (+/-)
- A +/-
- L -/+
- C -/+
- W +/-
- R -/+
- E +/-
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Charts of Accounts
- Assets 100
- Liabilities 200
- Capital 300
- Withdrawals 350
- Revenue 400
- Expenses 500
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Ledger
Book: combo of all the accounts
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Transaction Analysis
@ least 2 accounts will be affected
- 1. Determine which accounts are affected (ie, cash, supplies)
- 2. Determine which categories the accounts belong to. (account equation)
- 3. Determine whether the accounts increase or decrease.
- 4.What do the rules of debits and credits say? (total debit = total credit)
- 5. What does the T account look like?
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Compound Entry
a transaction that involves more than one credit or more than one debit ...
double entry format
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Account Cycle
normal procedures that are performed over a period of time.
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Account period
the accounting cycle takes place in a period of time called the accounting period.
1 month activities = most of the time
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Journalizing: 5 steps
- Step 1: Transaction Happened
- Step 2: All the business's transactions are recorded in the journal or general journal.
- Once the transaction had been made the journal entry is made and his process is call Journalizing
- Step 3: Posting to the ledger
- Step 4: Preparing the Trial balance
- Step 5: Corrections
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Journalizing the Transaction
in chronological order
- 1. Debit is recorded first
- 2. Credit recorded indented 1/2 in and below the debit
- 3. Explanation recorded indented 1 in and below the credit
- 4. one line space follows the explanation
- 5. Debits must equal Credits
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Assets (100-199)
- 111 Cash
- 112 Accounts Receivable
- 114 Office Supplies
- 115 Prepaid Rent
- 121 Work Processing Equipment
- 122 Accumulated Depreciation, Work Processing Equipment
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Liabilities (200-299)
- 211 Accounts Payable
- 212 Salaries Payable
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Owner's Equity (300-399)
- 311 Captial
- 312 Withdrawals
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Revenue (400-499)
411 Word processing Fees
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Expenses (500-599)
- 511 Office Salaries Expense
- 512 Advertising Expense
- 513 Telephone Expense
- 514 Office Supplies Expense
- 515 Rent expense
- 516 Depreciation Expense, word processing equipment
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