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eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes because
- they are larger
- contain a nucleus
- mitosis or meiosis
- organelles
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what regulates traffic into and out of the nucleus
nuclear pores
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nucleolus is
where the rRNA synthesis occurs
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what kind of layer does nucleus have
double lipid bylayer
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haploid
single set of chromosomes
-
diploid
having two sets of chromosomes
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histones are
proteins where DNA is condensed on
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endoplasmic reticulum two types
- smooth - lipid metabolism, detox reactions
- rough - ribosomes docked, protein synthesis
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mitochondria
- powerhouse
- site of respiration
- has its own genetic material
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bacterial endosymbiotic theory
certain organelles originated as free-living bacteria that were taken inside another cell as endosymbionts
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mitochodria developed from
proteobacteria in particular Rickettsiales
-
chloroplasts developed from
cyanobacteria
-
chloroplasts
type of plant cell (photosynthesis)
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golgi body are
protein trafficking centers - modifies proteins from the rough ER
-
cytoskeleton
- intracellular protein matrix
- function is to anchor organelles, moving RNA and vesicles, permitting of shape changes and movement
-
vascuoles
storage sites for water, food, enzymes and waste
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Dyneien is
a motor protein in cells which converts ATP energy into the mechanical energy of movement
-
Eukaryote Flagellum
- used for locomotion
- does not spin
-
eukaryote capsule
- glycocalyx
- similar to prokaryotes
-
characteristics of fungi
- terrestrial, non-photosynthetic, saprophytic
- ergosterol in membrane
- chitin in cell walls
-
yeast are what
single celled forms of fungi
-
mycelium
- vegetative part of a fungus
- formed from hyphae
-
what holds chromosomes together
chromatid
-
how many chromosomes do we have
23 pairs = 46
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if two subunits of ribosomes with 40s and 60s would they have a total size of 100s
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actin is
- micro tubule
- protein filament found in cytoskeleton
-
hyphae form...
mycelium (colony)
-
are fungi photosynthetic?
no
-
Blastospores
asexual fungal spore produced by budding
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saccharomyces is
useful yeast (vagina)
-
main charateristics of Algal cells
- eukaryotic
- photosynthetic, free living
- classified by pigments
-
Dinoflagellates are
Red tide algae
-
protists are
- protozoa
- eukaryotes
- single-cell
- cell wall absent
-
protists grouped by
locomotion
-
two cell forms of protists are
-
trophozoite =
active feeding stage of a protist
-
protist dormant stage =
cyst
-
4 classifications of protists
- sarcodina (amoebas)
- mastigophora (have flagella)
- ciliophora (cilated)
- apicomlexa (sporozoa)
-
Sarcodina are
type of protist
-
Sarcodina move using
pseudopodia
-
E. histolytica and N. fowleri are what
important Sarcodina
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Ciliophora are and move by
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Trichomonas vaginalis are
protist that cause vaginal problems
-
Matigophora are and move by
- type of protist
- move by flagella
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Sporozoa are
type of protist that is non-motile
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Plasmodium vivax is
protozoa that causes malaria
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two main groups of helminths are
- platyhelminthes
- aschelminthes
-
platyhelminthes are
flat worms (helminthes)
-
aschelminthes =
round worm (helminthes)
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