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ABDUCTION
Moving part of the body away from the axis or middle of the body
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ADDUCTION
Moving part of the body toward the axis or middle of the body
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ASTHMA
A controllable, chronic disorder characterized by sudden attacks of coughing and difficulting breathing
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BIOMECHANICAL PRINCIPLES
The forces governing the interaction of the body with the natural universe. Force projection and force absorption
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BODY COMPOSITION
The ratio of fat tissue to muscle and other lean tissues in the body
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CARDIO-RESPIRATORY ENDURANCE
The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to continue supplying oxygen to the body during prolonged exercise
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DIABETES
A controllable, chronic disorder, requiring insulin treatment and dietary monitoring to maintain stable blood sugar levels
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FINE MOTOR SKILLS
Movements using small muscle groups
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FLEXIBILITY
The ability of a joint to move in a range of motion
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FREQUENCY
In relation to exercise, how often exercise is performed (daily, weekly)
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MOTIF
A recurring group of notes
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MOVEMENT
A large section of a lengthy composition
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OPERA
A drama, either tragic or comic, this is sung to an orchestral accompaniment. It is often based on biblical stories. it is typically a large scale composition with vocal soloists, a chorus, and orchestra
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OPUS
A work, usually identified by a number
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ORATORIO
A major orchestral piece with solo voices and chorus
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RONDO
A musical form whose main feature is the return of the main theme, which alternates with secondary themes (Simple: ABABA, 2nd ABACA, 3rd ABACABA)
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SONATA
Typically, multimovement instrumental work for solo keyboard, or keyboard and another small chamber ensemble
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SONG FORM
A structure of a song in which the first section of a simple ternary form is repeated. For example, AABA
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SATYR PLAY
- ancient Greek form of tragicomedy.
- They always featured a chorus of satyrs and were based in Greek mythology and contained themes of, among other things, drinking, overt sexuality (often including large phallic props,) pranks, and general merriment
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STAGE LEFT
the part of the stage on the actor's left as the actor faces the audience
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STAGE RIGHT
the part of the stage on the actor's right as the actor faces the audience
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STEREOTYPED CHARACTER
a character who thinks or acts according to a certain pattern based on presuppositions about race, social group, or gender
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STOCK COMPANY
In the 18th and 19th and early 20th centuries, a form of resident company in which actors were hired according to lines of work and a large number of plays were prepared very quickly, "summer stock" used now is similar.
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STORYBOARD
Representation of what each screen of a multimedia project will look like and how the screens are linked; often hand-drawn sketches
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TEMPO
The speed with which incidents that make up the action take place
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THRUST STAGING
At least some parts of the state extends into, or is surrounded by the audience
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UPSTAGE
at or toward the rear of the stage
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VOMITORIA
- In Roman times, these were tunnels that allowed the audience to enter and exit large theatres easily.
- In contemporary theatres, the tunnels allow the actors to reach the downstage portions of a thrust stage by passing through the audience
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CONVENTIONAL LEVEL
A level of moral development during which a child focuses on what one is supposed to do and begins to understand social order
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FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE
A stage of cognitive development during which a child enters into the world of abstract thought
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LEARNING DISABILITIES
Treatable conditions suffered by many students
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META-COGNITION
Thinking about thinking
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MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
One of the eight distinct types of intelligence developed by Howard Gardner
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OBJECT PERMANENCE
The concept that a seen object still exists after being hidden from sight
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PRE-CONVENTIONAL LEVEL
A level of moral development during which a child avoids wrongdoing only to evade punishment
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PRE-OPERATIONAL STAGE
A stage of cognitive development during which a child is trapped in an egocentric perspective, but is still mastering language skills
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SELF-CONCEPT
How a child thinks about himself
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SELF-ESTEEM
A child's feelings about himself
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GROSS MOTOR SKILLS
Movements using large muscle groups
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INTENSITY
In relation to exercise, how difficult an exercise session is
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LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENT
Movement that results in location change
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MUSCULAR ENDURANCE
The ability of a muscle to perform repetitions of a task
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MUSCULAR STRENGTH
The ability of a muscle to exert force on an object
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NONLOCOMOTER MOVEMENT
Movement that does not result in a locating change
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OPPOSITION
When throwing a ball, the foot opposite the throwing hand steps forward
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OVERLOAD
In relation to fitness, the concept that the only way to progress is to increase level of difficulty
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PROGRESSION
In relation to fitness, the concept that the level of difficulty should be gradually increased, beginning at a difficulty level corresponding to the initial fitness level
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SPECIFICITY
In relation to fitness, the concept that specific types of exercise are appropriate to increase specific types of fitness
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HYPOGLYCEMIA
Using up blood glucose can cause this problem for diabetics
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SKILL RELATED FITNESS
Balance, power, agility, reaction time, speed, coordination
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MOTOR UNIT
Basic functional structure of the neuromuscular system
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ANAEROBIC
Utilization of phosphagen and lactic acid by the athletes body, allowing them to perform brief, near maximum muscular activity
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NONLOCOMOTOR
Stretching is an example of
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THREE
The motion of a kick can be divided into how many phases
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AEROBICALLY
This is how energy is derived when oxygen is utilized to metabolize substraits obtained from food, and delivering energy to working muscles
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FLEXIBILITY TRAINING
Helps balance muscle groups that might be overused during exercise or physical activity or as a result of bad posture
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HOW A CHILD GETS ALONG WITH OTHER CHILDREN
Single best predictor of a child and adult adaption
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LOW SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS
Chronic delinquency is most often linked to
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PASTORAL PLAY
based in a pasture; based on love, centered around shepherds, nymphs, and refined satyrs
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PIT
In the Elizabethan theater, the portion of the theater directly in front of the stage. Lowest admission fee, and patrons had to stand during the play. Today it is the orchestra
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PLAYSCRIPT
the manuscript of a play, especially as prepared for use by actors in rehearsals
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PLOT
The series of incidents that make up the action of a play
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PROSCENIUM ARCH
an opening in a wall that stands between the stage and the house that becomes the frame through which the audience sees the play
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PROSCENIUM STAGING
The form of physical configuration between the actor and the audience encouraged by the proscenium arch
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PROTAGONIST
the leading character, hero of a drama
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RESTORATION COMEDY
English comedy of the period of the Restoration, stressing manners and social satire. Glittering language, salacious plots, and frequently debauched characters
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REVOLVING STAGE
stage which turns in a circle
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RISING ACTION
In traditional dramatic structure, the portion of the plot that begins with the inciting incident and continues until the climax. Expected to be built on intensity and frequency, often alternating good and bad news, in such a way to increase suspense.
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TIME
In relation to exercise, for how long an exercise is performed in a single session
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BASS CLEF
Musical notes played with the left hand on a piano, having deeper sound than the bass clef
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CHORD
Three or more harmonious notes played together. Instruments with multiple strings can play chords (guitar, piano)
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COLLAGE
An artwork composed of various materials
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COLOR
What we see as a result of the reflection or absorption of light off any surface. Its main characteristics are hue, intensity, and value
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DIALOGUE
Exchange of lines between actors in theatrical production
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DYNAMICS
In a piece of music, the variation between louder and softer sections
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FORCE/ENERGY
A dancer's transformation and release of potential energy into kinetic energy; how dancers move
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FORM
Shape, structure, or organization in a piece of music
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HARMONY
When a note of a different pitch on a musical scale sounds good when played simultaneously with a piece's melody
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INTERVAL
The distance between notes on a musical scale
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LEVELS
The series of horizontal planes rising one above the other, from the performance surface, through which dancers move
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LINE
In visual art, the movement of a point through space. Described in terms of width, length, flow, direction, and curvature
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MEASURE (BAR)
A grouping of a specified number of musical beats located between two consecutive vertical lines on a staff
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MELODY
The tune of a piece of music
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MONOLOGUE
A dramatic speech performed by one actor
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PAGEANT
A series of tableaux performed on stage
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PHRASING
How long the melody of a piece of music is performed, defined by when a breath is taken
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PITCH
Wavelengths or frequencies of sound
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THEME
The reason a work of art is completed
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TIMBRE
The distinctive quality of a particular sound
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TIME
In dance, formally measured meter or informally the rhythms of a dancer's body movements
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TIME SIGNATURE
Musical notation indicating the number of beats per bar and the type of note that gets a beat
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TREBLE CLEF
Musical notes played with the right hand on a piano, having a higher sound than the bass clef
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ACCOMODATAION
The process by which a child incorporates new experience into the previous understandings, and modifies those existing concepts to include new information
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ASSIMILATION
The process by which a child interprets a new experience in terms of their previous understandings
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ATTACHMENT THEORY
States that a child who has formed secure attachments to others is confident in exploring her physical environment, forms friendships easily, and possesses a sense of compentency. The opposite has not formed secure attachment to others
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AUTONOMY
Acceptance of responsibility of ones behavior
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CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE
A stage of cognitive development during which a child acquires reasoning skills and is able to differentiate between her viewpoints and others
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PROSCENIUM
The most common type of performance space, named for the proscenium arch which frames the actors
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RYTHYM
In music, the pattern of stressed and unstressed beats, measured units of time
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SHAPE
In visual art, 2D equivalent of form
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SPACE
- In dance, the immediate spherical area surrounding the dancer's body, extending in all directions.
- in visual art, absense of shape or form
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STAFF
The group of lines on which notes are written
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SYMMETRY
In art, a type of visual balance, where if an imaginary line is drawn down the middle, each side mirrors the other
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TABLEAU
In theater, the silent deception of a static scene
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TEMPO
The rate at which musical beats follow one another, speed
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TEXTURE
The tactile quality of a work of art
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SENSORI-MOTOR STAGE
A stage of cognitive development during which a child learns to differentiate between herself and the external world, become aware of object permanence
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ABSTRACTION
The essence of an idea applied to the art of movement
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ADAGIO
in music, slower tempo. The opposite of allegro. It is also a set of exercise practice in class consisting of extensions and balances
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ALIGNMENT
The way in which various parts of the dancers body are in line with on another while the dancer is moving
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ALLEGRO
in music, quick or lively movements
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ARABESQUE
A pose in which the working leg is extended with a straight knee directly behind the body
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ATTITUDE
A pose modeled after the statue of the winged Mercury by Giovanni Bologna in which the working leg is extended behind the body with the knee bent; it can also be held in front of the body
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BARRE
A round rail attached to the wall horizontally, about three and a half inches off the floor. For dancers to hold during the first half of technique class. Also used for stretching the legs by placing the or legs on it
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BODY MOVEMENT
- Included locomotor and axial
- Locomotor (moving from one place to another)
- Axial (contained movement around an axis of the body)
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CHOREOGRAPHY
The steps of a dance put together for performance or the art of composing dance
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ACTION
In a character-character interaction, the total array of purposeful activity, both external (physical) and internal (psychological). Characters attempt to achieve their objective
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ANTAGONIST
the character who works against the protagonist in the story
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ARENA STAGING
Arena, or theatre-in-the-round, staging needs only an open place with room for actors and audience. The playing space, surrounded by the audience, may be a circle of 15 or 20 feet in diameter or a square or rectangle of comparable size. The actors use the aises for entrance or exit
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ARISTOTELIAN THEATRE
- Traditional theatre thought to be espoused by Aristotle.
- Clear simple plotting; strong characters; high levels of intellectual content, a minimum of spectacle.
- Plays should include three unities, (unity of one main action, unity of one physical space, and unity of time) to be written in five acts, avoid violence, and not mix comedy and tragedy
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BLOCK
To decide upon the gross movements of actors on stage; assign the physical relationship of actors
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BROADWAY THEATRE
- Oldest professional theatre.
- Plays performed in large theatres located in a few blocks NYC.
- Productions sold to investors, with substantial return on investment.
- Long runs of a single play, frequent use of star performers
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CENTER STAGE
The middle of the stage area
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CHORUS
a company of actors who comment (by speaking or singing in unison) on the action in a classical Greek play
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CHRONOLOGICAL TIME
- Time as a linear experience related to cause and effect.
- Leave out unimportant passages of time to capture essence of story.
- Later developed Flashback and Flash-forward
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CLIMAX
the decisive moment in a novel or play
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KINESTHETIC AWARENESS
Feeling the dance movements of others in one's own muscles
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LIFTS
A part of pas de deux in which one dancer is lifted off the ground by another
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LINE
The arrangement of head, shoulders, arms, torso, and legs while dancing
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MODERN DANCE
- Type of creative dance involving specialized movement techniques;
- emphasis is on expression and communication
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MOVEMENT MATERIALS
Sequences, motifs, and phrases developed as the choreographed dance
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PAS DE DEUX
- Literally a "step for two"
- Any section of a dance performed by two dancers together
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PASSE
A "passing" position in which the foot passes by the knee of the supporting leg
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PIROUETTE
- "The twirl or spin"
- A turn on one foot that can be executed outward (away from the body) or inward (toward the body)
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POINTE
Dancing on the toes
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POSTMODERN DANCE
A term coined in the 1960's by those who wanted to create movement outside the influences of any of the then traditional modern dance pioneers, such as Cunningham, Humphrey, Limon, Graham, and Taylor
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COMEDY
A story that ends happily. More serious than a farce. Characters less developed than in a drama
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COMPANY
All the people associated with the production
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CONFLICT
The central feature of dramatic action; the arrangement of the objectives of two or more strong characters in such a way that those objectives are competing and mutually exclusive
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CONNOTATIVE MEANING
- The meaning conveyed by connotative symbols.
- Symbols that are vague in the terms of strict definition, but rich in poetic meaning.
- Evokes emotion rather than intellectual response
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CONTENT
- What is portrayed in theatre, namely the interaction of another character or something in the environment.
- If interaction is with another person, it is character-character interaction
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CONVENTIONS
Rules for performers specific to culture, styles, and individual production
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CREATIVE DRAMA
Students improvise scenes for their own growth, not for an audience
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DENOUEMENT
the final resolution of the main complication of a literary or dramatic work
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DIRECTOR
- Someone who supervises the actors and directs the action in the production of a show.
- Provide artistic meaning to the experience
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DOWNSTAGE
the part of the stage closest to the audience
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PROMENADE
An adagio movement in which the dancer pivots completely around on one foot while maintaining a pose with the working leg
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ROMANTIC ERA
- A period from about 120 to 1870 in which ballet was characterized primarily by supernatural subject matter
- Long white tutus, dancing on the toes, and theatrical innovations that permitted the dimming of the house lights for theatrical illusion
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SPOTTING
Focusing the eyes on one point in the distance in order to keep balance while turning
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CHAMBER MUSIC
Music played by one to twenty performers
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CONSONANCE
The combination of tones that produces of quality of relaxation
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DISSONANCE
The combination of tones that produces a quality of tension
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FUGUE
- Based on a short theme called a subject. It contains both the rhythmic and melodic motifs.
- The opening is announced by one voice alone. A second voice then restates the subject
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LIED
A type of German song
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DRAMA
A dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage
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DRAMATIC CRITICISM
Discriminating, often scholarly, interpretation and analysis of the play
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DRAMATIC QUESTIONS
The central question that lingers on the audience's mind at the end of each scene. Based on the plot events that have unfolded on stage, the audience is wondering how these events will affect the future of the play
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ENVIRONMENTAL STAGING
the stage surround the audience
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EXPOSITION
introduces the characters, setting, and basic situation
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FLASHBACK
a transition to an earlier event or scene that interrupts the normal chronological development of the story
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FORM
The relationship of all parts of plays of certain type considered apart from any single example of that type
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FULL-LENGTH PLAY
- A single play that typically fulfills the expectation for a complete theatrical experience.
- The play has 3-5 acts, usually 2-4 hours
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ILLUMINATION
The act of casting light upon an otherwise darkened stage
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SYMPHONY
- An elaborate musical composition, many of which are between 20-45 in length.
- Consists of four movements that are intended to stir up emotions though contrasts in tempo and mood.
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SYNCOPATION
- A rhythmic effect produced when the expected rhythmic pattern is deliberately upset
- In music, an uneven pattern of stressed beats
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SIX
How many phases can throwing/pitching a ball be divided into
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20 MINUTES
When exercising with asthma, how many minutes should one take to warm up
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PHASE 3
In motor development, what phase is striking "striking skills"
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CEPHALOCAUDLE PRINCIPLE
Development proceeds from the head downward
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LAND ON BALLS OF FEET AND BEND KNEES
Landing in a vertical jump activity
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MANIPULATION
Using scissors
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CLASSICAL
Refers to the lexicon of dance as taught in the original academies; this is also used in reference to ballets as created during the Imperial Russian days
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CREATIVE MOVEMENT
Dance movement that is primary and nonfunctional, with emphasis on body mastery for expressive and communicative purposes
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DANCE
All-inclusive term meaning the aesthetics of movement. It is organized moves with a beginning, middle, and end in sequential form
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DANCE-POINTE
On the ball of the foot or half toe
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ELEVATION
The ability to get up into the air and remain there long enough to perform various movements or poses
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EXTENSION
Raising the leg to a straightened position with the foot very high above the ground; the ability to life and hold the leg in position off the ground
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GRAN JETE
A leap from one leg to the other in which the woring leg is kicked or thrown away from the body and into the air
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GRAND JETE EN TOURNAN
In this leap, the dancer turns halfway in midair to land facing the direction which the movement is started
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IMPROVISATION
- Movement without previous planning
- Acting without script or prepared text
- Spontaneous movement and speech to create a character
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INCITING INCIDENT
- The first incident in a chain of events called the "rising action."
- It is the incident that throws the world of play into disequilibrium.
- The remainder of the play is trying to reestablish the balance.
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KABUKI
- A popular type of Japanese drama combined with music and dance
- Played by all men
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LIGHTING PLOT
- The plan of the stage showing the location of each lighting instrument
- Its size and characters and the area of the stage that the light will fall
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MELODRAMA
- Genre of drama placed between tragedy and drama.
- Largely serious, but saved from destruction in the end
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MOOD
In lighting, the use of elements of stage lighting to support emotional states in the audience of a play
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MULTIPLE PLOTS
- Theatre plotting in which more than one story line is presented, usually simultaneaously.
- Plots are kept separate, until the end of the play, at which point they often intersect
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NEOCLASSIC DRAMA
- Plays of the neoclassic period
- Renaissance writers attempt to recapture of the glory in the Greek and Rome times.
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ONE-ACT PLAY
A play of short duration (less than an hour) that can be presented without an intermission or major changes in the scenery.
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ORCHESTRA
- In ancient Greek times, there was an open dancing area.
- In modern use, the orchestra is the lowest and usually most expensive seats directly in front of the stage.
- An instrumental ensemble composed of strings, woodwind, brass, and percussion
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