Medical Terminology 2013 Chapter 2

Basic unit of life

Group of identical cells working together

Composed of two or more types of tissue

Collection of organs working together

All systems working together to sustain life

cells-> tissues-> organs-> systems

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, cytology and nucleus

study of cells and their functions

the outermost boundary of a cell

the watery internal environment of the cell

contains the cell's DNA

connective tissues, muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, and nervous tissue

study of tissue

muscle fibers

produces movement in the body through contraction, or shortening in length

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle

attached to bone

found in internal organs

found only in the heart

close-packed cells that form the covering for and lining of body structures

absorb substances, secrete substances, or excrete wastes

the supporting and protecting tissue in body structures

adipose, bone, cartilage and tendons

provides structural support for the whole body

the shock absorber in joints

tightly connect skeletal muscles to bones

provides protective padding around body structures

cells called neurons

brain, spinal cord and a network of nerves throughout the entire body

• Structures: skin, hair nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
• Function: forms protective two-way barrier and aids in temperature regulation

• Structures: bones, joints, muscles
• Function: Skeleton supports and protects the body, forms blood cells, and stores minerals. Muscles produce movement

• Structures: heart, arteries, veins
• Function: Pumps blood throughout the entire body to transport nutrients, oxygen and wastes

• Structures: plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
• Function: Transports oxygen, protects against pathogens, and controls bleeding

• Structures: lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus gland, tonsils
• Function: Protects the body from disease and invasion from pathogens

• Structures: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs
• Function: Obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body

• Structures: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands
• Function: Ingests, digests, and absorbs nutrients for the body

• Structures: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
• Function: Filters waste products out of the blood and removes them from the body

• Structures: ovary, fallopian tuves, uterus, vagina, vulva, breasts
• Function: Produces eggs for reproduction and provides place for growing baby

• Structures: testes, epididymis, vas deferens, penis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland
• Function: Produces sperm for reproduction

• Structures: pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes
• Function: Regulates metabolic activities of the body

• Structures: brain, spinal cord, nerves
• Function: Receives sensory information and coordinates the body's response

• Structure: eye
• Function: vision

• Structure: ear
• Function: hearing and balance

standing erect with arms at the sides of body, palms of the hands facing forward and eyes looking straight ahead. Legs are parallel with the feet and toes are pointing forward

vertical plane that divides the body (or any of its parts) into right and left portions

divides the body into front and back portions

a crosswise plane that runs parallel to the ground

produced by a lengthwise slice along the long axis of a structure

produced by a slice perpendicular to the long axis of the structure

another term for frontal plane

another term for transverse plane

entire head

neck

torso

anterior and posterior

thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, and pubic regions

chest

genital

dorsum, vertebral and gluteal regions

the back

buttock

upper/brachial regions (arms) and lower/crural regions (legs)