-
The holy church / trinity
'guides'
5-10%
(shepherd's crook)
1st Estate
-
Knights, nobles, & warriors
'protects'
5-10%
(dog)
2nd Estate
-
the commoners
'work'
80-90%
(sheep)
3rd Estate
-
A loosely organized system of rule in medieval Europe in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords in exchange for service & loyalty
Feudalism
-
A written document that set out the rights and privileges of a town
Town charter
-
In medieval Europe, a peasant bound to the lord's land
Serf
-
In medieval Europe, a commoner free to move from town to town
Peasant
-
In medieval Europe, a Lord who was granted land in exchange for service and loyalty to greater lord
Vassal
-
In medieval Europe, an estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty
Fief
-
The period in western Europe between the fall of the Roman Empire and the high Middle Ages, c.ad 500–1100, during which Germanic tribes swept through Europe and North Africa, often attacking and destroying towns and settlements
Dark Ages
-
A Germanic tribe that conquered present day France and neighboring lands in the 400s
Franks
-
Code of conduct for knights
Chivalry
-
Head of the Roman Catholic church
Pope
-
In the middle ages, an association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to uphold standards of their trade and to protect their economic interests
Guild
-
Religious belief that is contrary to the official teachings of the church
Heresy / heretic
-
Having to do with worldly, rather than religious, matters ; nonreligious
Secular
-
Rules drawn up in 530 by Benedict, a monk, regulating monastic life. The rule emphasizes obedience, poverty, and chastity and divides the day into periods of worship, work, and study
Benedictine Rule
-
In the Roman Catholic Church, excommunication of an entire region, town, or kingdom
Interdict
-
A period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism
Commercial Revolution
-
A period of the development of crop and animal raising as a food source among human communities to supplement hunting and gathering in medieval Europe
Agricultural Revolution
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