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desaix
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Amoxicillin
- Penicillin - cidal, b-lactam
- -Amox - gas, gbs, coliforms, h.flu
- -ampicillin - enterococcus, gram neg, h. flu
- -piperacillin - some negative, pseudomonas
- -cloxacillin -staph aureus
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Meropenem
- Carbapenems - broadest spectrum
- +/-/anaerobes
- -Extended spectrum B-lactamases (ESBLs)
- -B-lactam, cidal
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Gentamicin
- Aminoglycosides
- Bacteriostatic - inhibits 30S ribosome -> leaky cell
- -nephrotoxic, ototoxic
- -resistant GN, chlamydia, coliforms
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Doxycycline
- Tetracyclines - static - 30S ribosome
- GP (exc. enterococcus), mycoplasma, chlamydia, syphillis
- AE: stains teeth (children), pregnancy
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Azithromycin
- Macrolides - Static, Bind 50S
- -GI Intolerance
- -CAP - H.flu, GP/GN/Aerobes/Anaerobes/mycoplasma
- -Erythromycin - mycoplasma, legionella
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Clindamycin
- Lincosamides - binds 23S of 50S interrupts tRNA
- -anerobes, protozoa (malaria), acne, mrsa
- AE: C. DIFF!
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Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole
- Sulfonamide - bactericide/bacteriostatic
- -anti-folic acid-> decreased dna synth
- -broad spectrum
- -pneumocystis, utis, gn aerobic bacili
- -inhibits cyp2c9 - glyburide -> increase insulin
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Metronidazole
- nitroimidazole (flagyl) - bacterocidal, targets dna
- -anerobic, protozoa
- -C. diff, rosacea, fungating tumors, h.pylori
- -amoebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia
- AE: alcohol -> nausea/vomiting
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Ciprofloxacin
- Fluoroquinolones - bind dna/dna gyrase -> cell death
- -most overused class
- -avoid in kids/pregnancy
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gn, pseudomonas, some + - -h flu/pneumo/mycoplasm/chlamydia/legionella
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Cephalexin (Keflex)
Cephazolin (Ancef)
- First Generation Cephalosporin
- NO Anaerobes
- NO LAME - Listeria, Atypical (Myco, Chlamydia), MRSA, Enterococcus
- Mostly GP coverage, some GN
- -staph, strep, PEcK (Proteus, E coli, Klebsiella)
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Cefonicid (Monocid)
Cefuroxime
2nd Generation Cephalosporin
- -less GP than 1st Gen
- -More GN: HEN (H. Flu, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria), PEcK
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Cefixime (Suprax)
Ceftriaxone
3rd Gen Cephalosporins
- -less GP coverage
- -hospital acquired infections: GNs
- -ESBLs reduce utility of 3rd gen
- -meningitis (penetrate cns) - pneumococci, meningococci, h. flu, e. coli, klebsiella
- -only recommended for N. gonorrhea
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Cefepime
Cefpirome
- 4th Gen Cephalosporins
- -increased GP coverage
- -increased resistance to B-lactamases
- -crosses bbb - meningitis
- -Pseudomonas
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Beta-lactam Antibiotics
Penicllin binding proteins - transglycosylate and transpeptidation of the bacterial cell wall
-beta-lactams bind to PBPs -> activates bacterial autolysis enzymes
- 1 Penicilins
- 2 Cephalosporins
- 3 Carbapenems
- 4 Monobactams
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Vancomycin
- -glycopeptide antibiotic
- -binds D-ala on wall ->cidal
- IV/IM
- -GP only, extracellular only
- -drug of last resort, for MRSA, Pseudomembranous colitis (C.diff); breeds VRE (enterococcus)
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