NDT UT LEVEL 2 Study Guide

1) The following sound wave mode has multiple or varying wave
velocities:

2) The following would be considered applications of ultrasonic techniques:

The only significant sound wave mode that will travel through a liquid
is:

The acoustic impedance of a material is used to:

The simple experiment where a stick in a glass of water appears
disjointed at the water surface illustrates the phenomenon of:

The crystal thickness and transducer frequency are related.

The random distribution of crystallographic direction in alloys with
large crystalline structure is a factor in determining:

The length of the zone adjacent to a transducer in which fluctuations in
sound pressure occur is mostly affected by:

The differences in signals received from identical reflectors at different material distances from a transducer may be caused by:

When angle beam contact testing a test piece, increasing the incident
angle until the second critical angle is reached results in:

Acoustic energy propagates in different modes. The following represents
a mode:

It is possible for a discontinuity smaller than the transducer to
produce indications of fluctuating amplitude as the search unit is moved
laterally if testing is being performed in the

The near field effects of a transducer in immersion testing may be
eliminated by:

What relationship would you expect to exist between the amplitudes of a
reflected laminar signal if in position A, the transducer is right over the
laminar reflector and in position B the transducer is clear of the laminar reflector?

High sound loss was noted when testing course grain austenitic stainless steel, remedial action to improve this may be:

Optimum flaw detectability of lack of sidewall fusion is achieved when

                           (s-6)
The Formula   A=-------- is use to calculate
                             2T

Which of the following flaws can be most accurately sized with the maximum amplitud technique

Identify this indication DAC + 8dB signal drops of quickly when the probe swivelled plotted in base of weld length 26mm, Height 2mm, width 3mm

What is generally accepted as the minimum thickness practically tested using manual scanning techniques

The flaw detector shall be calibrated to EN12668 pt1 linearity of the time base shall be within _____ % in accodance with requirement

The equal amplitude technique is generally only use to find

To which standard are terms and definitions of Ultrasonic addressed

Calibration of ultrasonic equipment shall be carried out in accordance with which of the following standards

At What angle is the transducers inclined with the perspex to produce a 38˚ refracted beam in steel 
Perspex Velocity=2.760 x 1000000 mm/sec
Steel Velocity    =3.23 x 1000000 mm/sec

A 45˚ tranverse beam is desired when testing an aluminum plate by the inmersion technique. At what angle is it required to be inclined.

Water velocity= 1.48 x 100000mm/sec
Aluminium transverse velocity=3.08 x10(10)

Beam spread/divergence occurs

Which of the following combinations will give greater beam divergence.
_{2 mhz 15mm diameter crystal
4 mhz 5 mm diameter crystal
2 mhz 20 mm diameter crystal
4mhz 15 mm diameter crystal}

which of the following defects types would be classified as diffuse

which of the following would be classified as specular

The use of too high current will give rise to which of the following faults

The use of which shielding process is less likely to be disrupted by external draughty conditions

which of the following techniques would require the least weld preparation

which of the following techniques would best be use to weld thin aluminium plate

which of the following weld flaws is caused by insufficient heat input

The cooling rate of a fusion weld is what in relation to that of a sand castinf

Which of the following are gas shield weld process

water cooled copper shoes are usually used in which of the following processes

Which welding process uses a non-consumable electrode

soldering uses what type of material as a filler

what type of defect is produced by gas entering the molten metal

In tig welding the nozzle around the electrode is generally made from

which of the following would occur in the parent plate as a consequence of welding

In electric arc welding, a metal rod is one electrode, the other is

Stud welding is use primarily to

a welding electrode coating provides

Where gas is used as a shield for the welding process the gas is commonly

when using gas metal arc welding, what range of filler wire diameter is commonly available

Which of these defects can be found in fusion welds

That portion of the base metal affected by the welding process is known as

Multiple cooling rates can have adverse effects on weld areas, what can be done to offset this problem

Angular distortion may occur in a weld when

longitudinal stresses in a weld area at a maximum

Automatic welding under a flux is more commonly known as

Spot welding is commonly use in which of the following applications

Which welding process takes place in a vacuum

which of the welding process is generally used to weld the ends of heavy round bars tubes

which of the following techniques will best joint think steel plates in one run with the minimum amount of distortion

The drawing symbol illustrates a

The drawing symbol illustrates a

Which of the following defects occur in the base metal

which welding method gives a smooth surface weld with no discomfort from glare or fumes

In TIG welding, the electrode is generally made from which materials

What gas is use to shield the electrode when using MIG

In the welding process, why would backing bars be employed

Which of the following processes could give rise to slag inclusions

The indication on the screen which represents the far boundary of the material being tested is called

In immersion testing, the position of the search unit is often varied to transmit sound into the test part at various angles to the front surface, such procedure is referred to as

The cable that connects the ultrasonic instrument to the probe is called

The process of comparing a UT instrument with a standard is called

Another name for a compressional wave is

Another name for surface waves is

A material use between the face of a search unit and the test surface to permit or improve the transmission of ultrasonic vibrations from the search unit to the material being tested

The piezoelectric material in a probe which vibrates to produce ultrasonic waves is called the

Ultrasonic testing of material where the probe is in direct contact with the material being tested may be

An advantage of using lithium sulphate probes is that it

Which of the following probes would contain the thinnest quartz crystal
1,5,15 and 25 mHZ

A 25 Mhz probe would most likely be used during

The amount of beam divergence/Spread from a crystal is primarily dependent on the

when an ultrasonic beam passes through the interface between two dissimilar materials at an angle, a new angle of sound travel takes place in the second material due to

The velocity of the surface wave is approximately____ the velocity of shear waves in the same material

Under normal circumstances, which of hte following frequencies would result in the best resolving power
1mhz, 5mhz,10mhz,25 mhz

which of the following materials of the same alloy is most likely to produce the greatest amount of sound attenuation over a given distance

In contact testing, the entry surface indication is sometimes referred to as

A screen pattern containing a large number of low level indications often referred to as grass, could be caused by

A test method employing two separate probes on opposite surfaces of the material being tested is called

The number of complete waves which pass a given point in a given period of time(usually 1s) is referred to as the

The boundary between two different materials which are in contact with each other is called

When the motion of the particles of a medium is parallel to the direction of propagation, the wave being transmitted is called

when the motion of the particles of a medium is at 90˚ to the direction of propagation, the wave being transmitted is called

25 million cycles per second can also be stated as

Moving a probe over a test surface either manually or automatically is referred to as

A term used in ultrasonics to express the rate at which sound waves pass through various substances is

An ultrasonic testing technique in which the transducer element is not parallel to the test surface is called

Most commercial ultrasonic testing is accomplished using frequencies between

I a A-scan presentation, the amplitude of signals on the screen represents the

which of the following test frequencies would generally provide the best penetration in a 300 mm thick specimen of coarse grain steel
1mhz,2.25mhz,5mhz,10mhz

In a basic ultrasonic test pattern (A-Scan) for contact testing(assuming no sweep delay is used) the initial pulse

an ultrasonic test using 0˚ probe is being conducted through the thickness of a flat part such as a plate, this test should detect

In ultrasonic testing, a liquid coupling medium between the crystal surface and the part surface is necessary because

During ultrasonic testing by the immersion method, it is frequently necessary to angulate the search unit when a discontinuity is located in order to

Al other factors being equal, which of the following modes of vibration has the greatest velocity

a piezoelectric material can

Sound waves of a frequency beyond the hearing range of the human ear are referred to as ultrasonic waves or vibrations, and the term embraces all vibrational waves frequency grater than approximately

The velocity of sound waves is mostly dependent upon

Where does beam divergence occur

As frequency decreases in ultrasonic testing, the angle of beam divergence of a given diameter crystal

When examining materials for planar flaws oriented parallel to the part surface, what testing method is best used

Rayleigh waves are influenced most by defects located

finger damping is most effective locating a discontinuity when using

Lamb wave can be use to detect

The ratio of the velocity of sound in water compared to that for steel is approximately

In an immersion test of a piece of steel or aluminium, the water distance appears on the display as a fairly wide space between the initial pulse and the front surface reflection because of

Which law can calculate the angle of refraction within a material for both longitudinal and shear waves

What will happen at an interface between two materials with differences in impedance values

during straight beam testing, test specimens with non parallel front and back surfaces can cause

On a A Scan display the dead zone refers to

On a A scan display, what represents the intensity of a reflected sound energy

which scan type can be used to produce a recording of a plan view of the test piece

In immersion testing, a manually operated manipulator is used to

In a straight beam contact testing, a reduction in the back surface reflection amplitude could indicate

In an Automatic scanning immersion unit, the bridge or carriage serves to

When using a beam spread for a shear wave weld inspection, the zero point on the beam spread must coincide with the

Which best describes a typical display of a crack whose major surface is perpendicular to the ultrasonic beam

A primary purpose of a reference standard is

compensation for the variation in echo heights related to variations in discontinuity depth in the test material is known as

where does the amplitude of an indication from a given discontinuity diminish exponentially as the distance increases

As the transducer diameter increases, the beam spread

The angle at which 90˚ refraction of a longitudinal sound wave is reached is called

Which of the following may affect attenuation values

A large grain metallic material usually results in

Total sound energy losses occurring in a material is called

when the incident angle is chosen to be between the first and second critical angles, the ultrasonic wave generated within the part will be

The angle at which 90˚ refraction of the shear wave mode occurs is called the

For aluminium or steel the longitudinal velocity is approximately ___ the shear velocity

A line of a number of crystals in one search unit vibrating in phase with each other to act as a single transducer is called a

The scattering of the sound beam due to reflections from a highly irregular surface is called

The angle of reflection is equal to

A short burst of sound energy is called

In ultrasonic testing, the time duration of the transmitted pulse is referred to as

the phenomenon by which a wave changes direction of propagation within the same material is referred to as

which of the following wave modes gives the shortest wavelength at a given frequency in a given material

In general which of the following modes of vibration would have the greatest penetrating power in a material if the frequencies are the same

The distance from a given point on an ultrasonic wave to the next corresponding point is referred as

The speed with which ultrasonic waves travel trough a material is known as

The transducers most commonly found in ultrasonic search units(probes) used for discontinuity testing utilize

The formula sinø=sinø
                  ----   ----- is referred to as
                  v1      v2

                  The formula
                   sinø=sinø 
                  ----   -----   
                    v1      v2
is use to determine

The amount of energy reflected from a discontinuity will be dependent

Which of the following frequencies would probably result in the least ultrasonic attenuation losses  
125 mhz, 10mhz,2.25mhz, 1.0 mhz

The product of the sound velocity and the density of a material is known as the

The angle of reflection of an ultrasonic beam at an aluminium -water interface is

what kind of waves travel at a velocity slightly less than shear waves

which ultrasonic test frequency would probably provide the best penetration in a 200 mm thick specimen of coarse grained steel

Significant errors in ultrasonic thickness measured can occur if

Generally, the best ultrasonic testing method for detecting discontinuities oriented along the fusion zone in a welded plate is

at water to steel interfaces the angle of incidence in water is 15˚ which of the following modes of vibration exists in the steel

the only mode of vibration that can exist in a liquid is

The number of pulses produced by an instrument in a given period of time is know as the

Most pulse echo ultrasonic instruments use

A plan view of the part outline and defects will be shown when using

Incident angles where 90˚ refraction of longitudinal or shear waves occur are callerd

waves whose particles motion parallel to the direction of the propagation are called

the motion of particles in a shear wave is

The refraction angle of longitudinal ultrasonic waves passing from water into a metallic material at angles other than normal to the interface is primarily a function of

as frequency increases in ultrasonic testing, the angle of beam divergence of a give diameter crystal

In which medium would velocity of sound would be the lowest Air, water, aluminium, steel

A longitudinal ultrasonic wave is transmitted from water into steel at an angle of 5˚ from the normal, In such case the refracted angle of the transverse wave is

the velocity of longitudinal waves will be the highest in  water, perspex, aluminium, steel