Oral hypoglycemics

Biguanide~ decreases glucose production in the liver and absorptioin of glucose in the intestines. Increases sensitivity to insulin.

*withhold for studies require IV iodininated contrast media before and 48 hours post study.

*D/C in patients NPO for surgery--may resume when oral intake and renal function are normal

Thiazolidinediones~Improves cell sensitivity, acts as an agnoist at receptor sites. Requires insulin for activity.

Meglitinide

Meglitinide

Stimulates release of insulin from pancreas (requires functioning pancreatic beta cells)

Sulfonylurea

Sulfonylureas

Sulfonylureas

Sulfonylureas

Stimulates pancreas to release more insulin, increases sensitivity of insulin at receptor sites, decreases hepatic glucose production

Alpha-glucosidase (enzyme) inhibitors

Alpha-Glucosidase (enzyme) inhibitors

Delays glucose absorption in GI tract by inhibiting the enzyme

Enzyme inhibitor~ affects hormones released by the intestines that are involved in glucose homeostasis