What type of wood was used in the English Renaissance
All oak
When was half timber used
English Renaissance
When was waddle and dab used
English Renaissance
What is waddle and dab?
Thick clay mixed with straw- used as construction and it was the white in- between of the half timber
When did they begin incorporating proportion in interior design?
English Renaissance
When was there strong symmetry in the exterior of architecture?
Elizabethan
When does the architecture become rectilinear?
Elizabethan
When did they start to consider comfort?
Elizabethan
Oriel
Raised up window that projects out
Elizabethan
Corbel
Support for oriel window
Elizabethan
What are the parts of a bay window?
oriel and corbel
When were the floor joyces from above exposed?
Elizabethan
True or False
Elizabethan homes were of half timber construction
true
When did they decide to add ornamentation to the ceiling?
Elizabethan
What is strapwork?
the same ornamentation as arabesque (would be on pilasters, pannels, and furniture)
When was strapwork popular?
Elizabethan
When did they try to add fringe to furniture?
Jacobean
Lunets
half circle classical design
What type of design was geometrical, not classical?
Jacobean
If there is a never ending circle in the ornamentation, what type of ornament is it?
Classical ornamentation
What was the leg of choice for Elizabethan?
Bulbous leg
What does 'Bulbous' leg mean?
it means heavy turned leg
What is gradooning?
convex ornamentation on bulbous legs
the "cup" was carved to imitate the silver cup
The acanthus leaves were of what period?
Greko-Roman leaves
What does Vernacular mean?
native, regional, local
it sticks around because it is the common design for a long time
What was the vernacular design?
Tudor
Vernacular- it sticks around because it is the common design for a long time
What was the Tudor architecture?
Half timber construction (vertical, horizontal, angled beams that are used for bracing)
Thach roof (Grasses that are tied together and cut at the bottom -would last 30-40 years)
What is half timber construction?
vertical, horizontal, angled beams that are used for bracing
What is a thach roof?
Grasses that are tied together and cut at the bottom -would last 30-40 years
When was the furniture massive in scale?
English Renaissance
What type of ornament was used for Tudor?
Gothic
What period was robust and exhuberant?
Elizabethan
What best describes Elizabethan design?
It was robust and exhuberant
When did living rooms and dining rooms become popular?
Elizabethan
When did they start to get patterned ceilings?
Elizabethan
When did you start to see larger windows?
Elizabethan
When was strapwork used?
Tudor !!!
How did they start to cover up the ceiling?
with plaster in the Elizabethan period
By the end of the _____ period, Renaissance ornament is used without an understanding of proportion or restraint.
Elizabethan
What period felt that more ornament was better?
Elizabethan
What was the problem with 'more ornament is better'?
1- it lacks classical refinement
2- proportion= off; the ornamentation was ill proportioned to the furniture
Jacobean is also known as what?
High Renaissance
High Renaissance is also known as what?
Jacobean
What did English Colonization do?
It further increased trade which made the merchant class even wealthier.
Which period was very prosperous (good for the economy)?
Jacobean
Who was England's first known architect?
Indigo Jones
Who is Indigo Jones?
England's first known architect
Toured Italy and brought back Pilladio's influence to England. He takes the proportion that Pilladio came up with and brings correctness and consistency.
Who is Pilladio?
He is very aware and understood proportion
The Exhuberant Elizabethan style of ornament yields to _____.
Careful classical arrangement
When did they start to make the bulbous leg less pronounced?
Jacobean
What type of style does the Hampton Court have?
It was the Gothic Tudor plus Baroque addition
What were William and Mary mostly known for?
their furniture
Why was Asian design an interest?
It was evident because of trading- China specifically
What period was opulent and rich?
William and Mary
Parquetry
William and Mary
Geometric pattern
Marquetry
William and Mary
Organic design (movement, flowers)
What was carved into wood drawers in William and Mary's furniture?
Parquerty, Marquetry, and Crossbanding
Crossbanding
William and Mary
with a piece of Veneer they would run the grain perpendicular to the outside frame
French polish
wax; shiny
william and mary
Chinoiserie
asian motif
popular under william and mary because they are importing lots of items from china.
Japanning
laqueor finish
the finishing technique to the furniture
William and Mary
What period was Queen Anne associated with?
English Baroque
What was Queen Anne most noted for?
Her furniture
What has a 180 ft. gallery?
Blenheim Palace
What was the wood of choice for the Baroque period?
Walnut
What furniture was curvilinear?
Queen Anne
What furniture had a very feminine feel to it?
Queen Anne
What characteristics describe Queen Anne's furniture?
Curvilinear with a feminine feel to it
When were splat backs introduced?
Queen Anne's Baroque period
Cabriole
Leg of choice for Queen Anne
What was Queen Anne's leg of choice
Cabriole
What is a splat?
the center piece of wood going down the back
it gets more and more elaborate- begins to get carved and pierced
When was a tea table introduced?
Queen Anne Baroque
(was placed between two winged chairs)
What opens the doors to the English Neoclassical Period?
Democratic Greece and Republic Rome (They are models to them for their architectural style).
What are some qualities of Georgian Architecture?
Strong symmetry
Most homes had Hip Roof
Pediment that typically projects forward
Chimney= always symmetrical
Pediment and roof lines= heavy molding
Window of choice= double hung
Georgian ornamentation= Clasical (less than baroque, more than neoclassical)
Chipendale's traditional English furniture was used
What is a hip roof?
it is in Georgian Architecture and it is a roof that may come to a point
What period if Georgian Architecture from?
English Neoclassical
Thomas Chipendale
One of the first cabinet makers to publish a book
Designed many styles of furniture
Best known for his English furniture which worked best in Georgian homes
What furniture worked best in Georgian homes?
Thomas Chipendale's
Describe Chipendale's furniture
He designed his furniture for proportion, scale and ornament
He also did French Rococo, Chinese, and last Gothic (& traditional English)
What is caning?
very tightly woven grass
What period used H or X shaped stretchers?
Baroque
What was the leg of choice for William and Mary?
Inverted cup leg
What period used the inverted cup leg as the leg of choice?
William and Mary
Rail
Horizontal members
Stile
Vertical members
When was crossbanding used?
Baroque
William and Mary?
Veneering
very thin sheets of wood
William and Mary*
Who is known for the double hump in a secretary?
Queen Anne
The Windsor chair is also known as what?
Pub chair
(brought back the stretcher due to popular use)
The Pub chair is also known as what?
The Windsor chair
(brought back the stretcher due to popular use
Who brings the Baroque to England?
Sir Christopher Wren
Dormer
= windows in the roofline
(Neoclassical)
What was the wood of choice for the Neoclassical period?
Mahogany
What was the traditional English leg used by Chipendale?
Ball and Claw foot with French- Inspired details
When was the block foot used?
Neoclassical- Chippendale
What was the leg of choice for the Chinese and Gothic?
Marlborough Legs (just a straight leg)
What period used the Marlborough leg?
Chinese and Gothic
Who used a plain splat?
Queen Anne
Who used a pierced and carved splat?
Chippendale
Who developed the first sofa?
Chippendale
Who used more ornamentation, Chippendale or Queen Anne?
Chippendale
Who were the Adam Brothers?
They were architects, not cabinet makers.
Pallatio (an architect) went to Rome and did scaled drawings of Roman rooms.
The Adam brothers met him and saw his drawings
The brothers produced a design firm in London
Together they created Holistic design (complete unity of a design)
They used the concept of the central block and added symmetrical wings
Who designed oval and round rooms?
The Adam brothers
Who designed rooms with a ceiling that was the same as the flooring design?
The Adam Brothers
Who brought back the concept of an Apse?
The Adam Brothers
Light and airy design is describing whose ornament?
The Adam Brothers
Hepplewhite
Furniture maker
Neoclassical
What period are the Adam Brothers from?
Neoclassical
When was Japanning used?
Hepplewhite
Fluting
concave ornamentation
Reeding
Convex ornamentation
What period had chair backs that were shield, heart and oval shaped?
Hepplewhite- Neoclassical
When was spade foot used?
Hepplewhite and Sheraton neoclassical
Stringing
Double line around drawers- means one of the pieces is a raised wood.
Hepplewhite- Neoclassical
Sevres porcelain
clay that is painted with flowers and other details
Sheraton Style
excellent proportion; expecially in the use of ornamentation,
created multipurpose pieces
What period has straight, square, rectangular backs?
Sheraton - Neoclassical
What period has the Lyre, Vase/Urn, and Banister back?
Sheraton- Neoclassical
What was the second phase of the Neoclassical period called?
Regency
Regency
The second phase of the Neoclassical revival
How was the architecture in the regency style?
More Greek
The Greek Architecture balances the Roman from the Adam Brothers
