Introduction to the Human Body

Anatomy is the study of the parts of the body, body structure.

Physiology is the study of how the body works.

• 5. Chemical level
• 4. Cellular level
• 3. Tissue level
• 2. Organ level
• 1. Organ System level

• Muscle
• Connective
• Nervous
• Epithelial

• Chemical level - lowest level
• Cellular level - smallest living unit
• Tissue level - a group of cells coming
•      together to perform one or more specific
•      functions.
• Organ level - two or more types of tissues
•      working together to perform several
•      functions.
• Organ system level - two or more organs
•      forming a system (muscular system,
•      lymphatic system ect...)

• Lymphatic system/Immune system
• Skeletal system
• Muscular system
• Digestive system
• Reproductive system
• Cardiovascular system
• Endocrine system
• Nervous system
• Urinary system
• Respiratory system
• Integumentary system

• Lymph: protects us from bad things
• Skeletal: protects organs, provides structure,
•    provides mineral deposits that help
•    muscles contract and nerves to fire
• Muscular: movement, strength, helps
•    organs to work properly and be protected,
•    creates shivering
• Digestive: breaks down food for nutrients
•    and energy, gets rid of waste from blood
•    and body (works closely with immune)
• Reproductive: procreation
• Cardiovascular: moves blood and nutrients
•    heart, blood vessels
• Endocrine: hormones, helps to regulate how
•    how other systems/parts work together
• Nervous: controls and coordinates the
•    the functions of all systems of the body,
•    receives info and reacts
• Urinary: removes excess water and waste
• Respiratory: delivers oxygen ( air to blood,
•    to red blood cells, to individual cells, to
•    ATP- adenosine triphosphate [cell food])
• Integumentary: protects/holds insides in,
•    controls temperature, is a sensory organ,
•    provides nutrients (vitamin D)

Homeostasis is the presence of a stable internal environment.

• Intra Cellular Fluid; the fluid bath inside each
•    cell.

• Extra Cellular Fluid; the fluid bath inside our
•    body but outside each cell.

• Inter Stitial Fluid; component of ECF, in-
•    between cells.

Symptoms are what the patient tells you, they cannot be measured, they are used to determine where the patient is at in homeostasis, they are subjective.

Signs are measurable (on/in the patient) and are not fake-able.

The anatomical position is when you mentally place a patient and a face forward, palms forward position.

Laying face-down.

Laying face-up.