History 1302 Ch 16

1863, Lincoln issued a Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, which offered a full pardon to all Southerners to whom would take an oath of allegiance to the Union and acknowledge the legality of emancipation. Ten Percent Plan provided that once 10 percent or more of the voting population of any occupied state had taken the oath, they were authorized to set up a loyal government.

Congress passed Bill against Lincolns 10 % Bill. Required 50 percent of the voters take an oath of future loyalty before the restoration process could begin. Confederates must swear they had never willingly supported the Confederacy could vote in an election for delegates to a constitutional convention. The bill in its final form did not require black suffrage, but it did give federal courts the power to enforce emancipation. Pocket Vetoed by Lincoln

Lincolns VP, and was made Pres through the assassination of Lincoln. Wasnt reall for the rights of Freed Blacks was more into destroying the Planters

. A minority of Congressional Republicans the strongly antislavery, favored protection for black rights (especially black male suffrage) as a precondition for the readmission of southern states.

Was a bill later Vetoed by Johnson to establish a temporary agency set up to aid the former slaves by providing relief, education, legal help, and assistance in obtaining land or employment.

Republican businessmen with an interest in enlisting govern-ment aid for private enterprise in the South from the North were called carpetbagger

Scalawags were former Whig planters or merchants who were born in the South or had immigrated to the region before the war and now saw a chance to realize their dreams for commercial and industrial development.

Group that came into power after Repub Reconstruction. They were Southern white Supremist that was for white supremacy and laissez-faire notion that government should be limited and should not intervene openly and directly in the economy could unite planters, frustrated at seeing direct state support going to businessmen, and capital-ist promoters who had come to realize that low taxes and freedom from government regulation were even more advantageous than state subsidies.

Johnson Instructs Southern Convention to make Secessuin Illegal, Repudiate Confederate Debt, and ratify the 13th amendment, but Johnson was to leniant on Southerners and they initiated black codes into thier state const. Johnson approves congress condemns

State legislatures (prominent ex-Confederate leaders were elected to Congress in the fall of 1865) elected under the new constitutions, proceeded to pass Black Codes subjecting former slaves to a variety of special regulations and restrictions on their freedom. Upset Northerners

Second Bill Vetoed by Johnson but later override by Congress 2/3 vote. Bill meant to nullify the Black Codes and guarantee to freed-men “full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property as is enjoyed by white citizen

Afraid that Johnson would not support equal rights the 14th amendmet was passed to ensure all equal rights.

President Johnson toured the nation, slandering his opponents in crude language and engaging in undignified exchanges with hecklers.

Congressman from Pensylvannia, oldtime radical, Head of Radical Repub

Procided President Johnson, Senator of Ohio, the president pro tem of the Senate was unpopular with conservative Republicans because of his radical position on labor and currency questions.

After Johnsons fall in 1866 enough radicals were voted into congress and from 1867-1868 they reorganized south on a new basis. Split South into 5 military dist but soon after were called back and 1868 little troops remained to enact black rghts. Initally believed that once blacks had the right to vote they could portect themselves from white supremacist efforts to deny them of thier rights

ew York, a Democratic reformer who had battled against Tammany Hall and the Tweed Ring. Honest government was apparently the electorate’s highest priority. When the returns came in, Tilden had clearly won the pop-ular vote and seemed likely to win a narrow victory in the electoral college. But the result was placed in doubt when the returns from the three southern states still controlled by the Republicans—South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana—were contested. If Hayes were to be awarded these three states, plus one contested electoral vote in Oregon, Republican strategists realized, he would triumph in the electoral college by a single vote.

p— sharecropping . First in small groups known as “squads” and later as individual families, blacks worked a piece of land independently for a fixed share of the crop, usually one-half. The advantage of this arrangement for credit-starved landlords was that it did not require much expenditure in advance of the harvest. The system also forced the tenant to share the risks of crop failure or a fall in cotton prices.

laissez-faire and white supremacy. Laissez-faire—the notion that government should be limited and should not intervene openly and directly in the economy—could unite planters, frustrated at seeing direct state support going to businessmen, and capital-ist promoters who had come to realize that low taxes and freedom from government regulation were even more advantageous than state subsidies.

A secret terrorist society first organized in Tennessee in 1866. The original Klan’s goals were to disfranchise African Americans, stop Reconstruction, and restore the prewar social order of the South. The Ku Klux Klan re-formed in the twentieth century to promote white supremacy and combat aliens, Catholics, and Jews.

Ratified in 1 870, it prohibits the denial or abridgment of the right to vote by the federal or state governments on the basis of race, color, or prior condition as a slave. It was intended to guaran-tee African Americans the right to vote in the South.

The  Force acts , also known as the Ku Klux Klan acts, made interference with voting rights a federal crime and established provisions for government supervision of elections. In addition, the legislation empowered the president to call out troops and suspend the writ of habeas cor-pus to quell  insurrection

n 1875, the public learned that federal revenue offi cials had  conspired with distillers to defraud the government of  millions of dollars in liquor taxes. Grant’s private secretary, Orville E. Babcock, was indicted as a member of the “Whiskey Ring” and was saved from conviction only by the president’s personal intercession.

Repub Nominnee in 1876 Election won by the Comp of 1877 which troops were withdrawn from the south and returned back to homerule

Was Hayes Dem opponent in the Elections of 1876 ew York, a Democratic reformer who had battled against Tammany Hall and the Tweed Ring. Honest government was apparently the electorate’s highest priority. When the returns came in, Tilden had clearly won the pop-ular vote and seemed likely to win a narrow victory in the electoral college. But the result was placed in doubt when the returns from the three southern states still controlled by the Republicans South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana were contested. If Hayes were to be awarded these three states, plus one contested electoral vote in Oregon, Republican strategists realized, he would triumph in the electoral college by a single vote.

Compromise struck during the contested presidential election of 1 876, in which Democrats accepted the election of Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South and the end of Reconstruction. p. 383