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Define colonialism.
Political, social, economic and cultural domination of a territory by a foreign power.
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Define imperialism.
Extending the rule of a nation over other nations.
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What was the 1st phase of modern European colonialism?
1492-1825. It began with the "Age of Discovery" of the Americas and sea routes to Asia.
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What was the 2nd phase of modern European colonialism?
1825-1945, ending with WWII.
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At the peak of the British Empire in 1914, the British ruled over _____ (fraction) of earth's land and _____ (fraction) of world's population.
1/5; 1/4
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What was the common saying about the British Empire?
That the "sun never set" on the British Empire.
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What was the idea, brought about by Prime Minister Disraeli, that said that native peoples were seen as unable to govern themselves?
"White Man's burden"
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In what revolution was British colonialism especially propelled by economic concerns in the late 19th century?
The Industrial Revolution.
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Where was french colonialism mostly concentrated?
Africa.
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What was it propelled mostly by?
Goals of military and spiritual expansion (Catholic Church).
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What was the interventionist philosophy used by French colonists that was similar to the White Man's burden?
Mission civilizatrice
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How did the French practice indirect rule?
Governing through native leaders and established political structures in areas with long histories of state organizations.
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How did they practice direct rule?
By bringing new government structures to colonies to control previously stateless societies.
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Negative Impacts of Colonialism
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How many slaves are there in the world today?
27 million slaves.
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Within the first 100 years of colonization of Americas, what percentage of indigenous peoples were dead?
90-95%
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What was the major cause of these deaths?
Old World diseases.
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What racial typologies of supremacy arose?
Those of whiteness.
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What was artificially constructed?
National boundaries/institutions?
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What spread throughout the world?
Market systems.
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Much environmental destruction occurred, such as: the plundering of _______ resources of colonized lands;
natural
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the implementation of _______ agriculture and herding practices in colonized lands;
unsustainable
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deforestation ______ and _____ were created due to forced moving of peoples to urban areas.
increased; slums
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Cold War & Neocolonialism
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What was the ideological struggle of the Cold War?
Democracy vs. State-run communism
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What was the military struggle of the Cold War?
NATO vs. the Warsaw Pact
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What was the economic struggle of the Cold War?
Capitalism vs. Socialism
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According to Dependency Theory, resources and wealth flow _____ to ______ nations.
poor; wealthy
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What types of nations is the world divided into? (3 types)
- Core nations
- Semiperiphery nations
- Periphery nations
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What are core nations?
The First World/North: the most wealthy nations
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What are semiperiphery nations?
Secondary nations.
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What are periphery nations?
The Third World/South: the poorest nations
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Poor periphery nations provided ______ access to products from core wealthy nations.
market
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What do core nations use to perpetuate dependency of periphery nations?
Economic and military force.
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Define postcolonialism.
Socio-cultural, economic, and political interaction between (European) nations and former colonies.
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