English units 10-12 vocab

• V. to grow or accumulate over time, to happen as a natural result
• syn. collect, accumulate, proceed from
• ant. dwindle, decrease, diminish, lessen

n. a critical or explanatory note or comment, especially for a literary work

• n. a state or scene of uproar and confusion
• syn. commotion, pandemonium, chaos, anarchy
• ant. peace and quiet, order, tranquilty

• adj. hidden, disguised, purposefully kept secret; sheltered secluded.  N. a sheltered place a hiding place.
• syn. adj. undercover, clandestine, sub-rosa
• ant. adj. open, overt, undisguised

• adj. pleasant, courteous , lighthearted, smooth and polished in a manner and appearance
• syn. carefree, jaunty, gracious, suave, urbane
• ant. distraught, agitated, boorish, churlish

• v. to demand insistently, especially in payment of debt; n. a creditor; adj. dark dull, drab, dingy
• syn.V. hound, pester, harass, nag

• adj. effective, producing results
• syn. effectual, efficient, potent, powerful
• ant. ineffective, worthless, useless

• n. calmness, composure, refusal to panic
• syn. tranquility, imperturbability
• ant. excitability, flappability, agitation

• adj. accidental, occurring by a happy chance
• syn. unintentional unplanned, random, lucky
• ant. intentional, deliberate, premeditated

• the essential part, main point, or essence
• syn. substance, core, nucleus

• adj. freely given; not called for by circumstances, unwarranted
• syn. voluntary, unjustified, uncalled-for
• ant. justified, warranted

• adj. overbearing, arrogant; seeking to dominate; pressing compelling
• syn. domineering, magisterial, urgent, imperative
• ant. fawning, obsequious, humble, unassuming

• n. a strong denunciation or condemnation  abusive language; adj. abusive, vituperative
• syn. n. vituperation, abuse, diatribe, philippic
• ant. n. tribute, panegyric, encomium

• adj. showing great variety; composed of different elements or many colors. n. a jester's costume, a jester.
• syn. variegated, heterogeneous, diverse n. fool
• ant. adj. uniform, homogeneous, monochromatic

• adj. extremely generous, lavish
• syn. bounteous, liberal
• ant. stingy, miserly, tightfisted, parimonious

• v. to delay, to put off until later
• syn. stall temporize, dillydally

• adj. tending to produce a strong feeling or response; arousing desire to appetite; irritating, annoying
• syn. stimulating, arousing, vexing, galling
• ant. dull, insipid, bland, unstimulating 

• adj. exceeding ordinary knowledge and understanding
• syn. esoteric, arcane, profound, abstruse
• ant. simple, uncomplicated

• `n. a depraved vicious, or unprincipled person, scoundrel. adj. wicked, corrupt, or unprincipled ; v. to disapprove of condemn
• syn. n. scoundrel, blackguard; adj. immoral, corrupt
• ant. n. saint; adj. upright, virtuous, moral

• adj. characterized by or calling for continued sitting; remaining in one place
• syn. seated, stationary, static
• ant. active, peripatetic, migratory

• adj. moderate, sparing (as in eating or drinking); characterized by the abstinence and self-discipline
• syn. temperate, sober, moderate
• ant. indulgent, immoderate, intemperate

• adj. deserving of blame or correction
• syn. blameworthy, discreditable, reprehensible
• ant. commendable, laudable, meritorious

• adj. likely but not certain to happen, possible, dependent on uncertain events or conditions, happening by chance; n. a representative group forming part of a larger body
• syn. adj. conditional, dependent; n. a detachment
• ant. adj. independent of, unconnected with ,certain

• v. to confirm, make more certain, bolster, substantiate, verify
• ant. adj. refute, contradict, undermine, discredit

• n. an inhabitant, resident; one who frequents a place
• syn. resident, dweller, habitue
• ant. alien, outsider, stranger, foreigner

• adj. passing aimlessly from one place or subject to another, rambling, roving, nomadic
• syn. digressive, diffuse, wandering, episodic
• ant. short and to the point succinct

• v. to scatter or spread wodely
• syn.disperse, publicize, broadcast, circulate
• ant. bring together, concentrate, muster, conceal, hide

• adj. poorly dressed, shabby, lacky smartness and good taste
• syn. frumpy, tacky, frowsy, drab
• ant. chic, stylish, elegant, fashionable

• adj. highly colored, reddish, exceddively ornate, showy
• syn. flushed, ruddy, flowery frilly, flamboyant
• ant. pale, ashen, pallid, sallow, austere, stark

• v. to impose by fraud, to pass off as worthy or genuine, to bring about by stealth, dishonesty, or coercion
• syn.pass off, palm off, fob off

• adj. awkward, lacking in social graces, tactless, clumsy
• syn. inept, uncouth, maladroit
• ant.adroit, tactful, diplomatic, politic

• n. an opinion different from accepted belief; the denial of an idea that is generally held sacred
• syn. unorthodox belief, heterodoxy
• ant.orthodoxy

• v. to impress on the mind by repetition, teach persistently and earnestly
• syn. instill, implant, infuse, ingrain, imbue
• ant. efface, extirpate, root out

• adj. capable of being touched or felt; easily seen, heard, or recognized
• syn.tangible, plain, obvious, manifest
• ant. intangible, insubstantial, incorporeal

• adj. having sympathetic insight or understanding, capable of keen appreciation
• syn. insightful, discerning, observant
• ant. dense, thick, obtuse, dim-witted

• adj. extremely harmful, deadly fatal
• syn. injurious, deleterious, baleful, noxious
• ant. harmless, innocuous, salutary, salubrious 

• adj. leaping, jumping, or springing forth, prominent, standing out, conspicuous; n. a projection or bulge, a land form that projects upward or outward
• syn. adj. striking, notable, protrusive, obvious
• ant. adj. inconspicuous, recessive

• v. to satisfyf completely , to fill to excess; adj. full, satisfied 
• syn. v.v gratify, cloy, surfeit gorge
• ant. v. starve, deprive entirely of

v. to make or become dry and withered, to char or scorch the surface of, to harden or make unfeeling, to parch, dessicate, singe

• adj. deceptive, apparently good or valid but lacking real merit.
• syn. deceptively plausible, sophistic, casuistic
• ant. valid, sound, solid, genuine

• v. to clear from blame, responsibility, or guilt
• syn. acquit, exonerate, vindicate, excuse pardon
• ant. condemn, convict, incriminate, inculpate

• n. a representation ( especially a drwing) in which the subject's characteristic features are deliberately exaggerated; v. to present someone or something in deliberately distorted way
• syn.cartoon, burlesque, parody, lampoon

• n. a loud ringing sound; v. to make a loud ringing noise
• syn. n. din, clamor, uproar
• ant. n. silence, stillness, peace and quiet

• adj. side by side, touching near adjacent in time
• syn. adjoining, abutting, next door to
•  ant. detached, apart , distant, remote

• n. eager desire for something; greed
• syn. avarice, rapacity, craving, lust
• ant. generosity, contentment, satiation, gratification

• adj. harmful, injurious
• syn. detrimental, destructive, pernicious, damaging
• ant. helpful, beneficial, harmless, innoculous

• v. to raise to a higher degree; to increase the value or desirability of
• syn. improve, magnify, heighten, elevate
• ant. diminish, reduce, lessen, degrade

• v. to captivate, charm, hold spellbound, to enslave, to imprison
• syn. fascinate, enchant, attract, bewitch
• ant. bore to tears, repel, put someone off

•  v. to lessen the seriousness or magnitude of an offense by making partial excuses
• syn. moderate, mitigate, diminish, downplay
• ant. intensify, aggravate, worsen, exacerbate

• adj implied or understood through unexpressed, without doubts or reservations  unquestioning ; potentially contained in 
• syn. inferred, tacit, unspoken, unconditional
• ant. explicit, expressed, stated, revealed

• adj. sharp, keen, penetrating ( with a suggestion of decisiveness and effectiveness)
• syn. acute,  cutting, perceptive, trenchant

• adj. marked by conspicuous or pretentious display, showy
• syn. flashy, overdone, affected, flamboyant
• ant. modest, plain, simple, demure, retiring

• n. a model of excellence or perfection
• syn. exemplar, ideal, paradigm, model, good example

• v. to restate in other words; n. a statement that presents a given idea in a new language
• syn. v. reword, rephrase; n. a rendition, version
• ant. v. repeat verbatim, duplicate, quote

• adj. prudent,shrewdly convinced and developed, artful, expedient
• syn. tactful. diplomatic, judicious, circumspect
• ant. remarkable, distinctive, poetic, inspired

• adj. dull, lacking in distinction and originality, matter-of-fact, straightforward, characteristic of prose, not poetic
• syn.commonplace, humdrum, literal, pedestrian
• ant. remarkable, distinctive, poetic, inspired

• adj. extra, excess, more that in needed, wordy repetitive, profuse, lush
• syn. unnecessary, superfluous, verbose, prolix
• ant. succinct, terse, laconic, scarce, inadequate

• adj. making a show of virtue or righteousness, hypocritically moralistic or pious, self-righteous, canting, holier-than-thou
• ant.heartfelt, sincere, humble

• adj. sparkling, twinkling, exceptionally brilliant (applied to mental or personal qualities)
• syn. stimulating, lively, glittering, flashing
• ant. dull boring, insipid, flat, tame, vapid

• adj. charming, attractive, pleasing (often suggesting a childlike charm and innocence)
• syn. winning, engaging, delightful, prepossessing
• ant. unattractive, unappealing,  repulsive