-
SC Eucestoda
O Tetraphyllidea
F Phyllobothriidae
- Elasmobranchs
- 40x
- 4 bothridia without hooks
-
SC Eucestoda
O Pseudophyllidea
- Fish-eating carnivores (fish, bears, humans)
- Scolex with 2 bothria (shallow muscular grooves)
-
O Pseudophyllidea
Schistocephalus Solidus
- Coelom of stickleback (IH)
- DS
- Segmentation and lack of scolex
- PITT
- 2 Bothria
-
SC Eucestoda
Order Cyclophyllidea
- IH- fleas
- DH- Dogs and cats
- Diphlidium caninum
- 100x
- scolex with 4 acetabula- sometimes with hooked rostellum
- *single vitelline gland at posterior of proglottids*
- some very pathological species in humans
-
SC Eucestoda
O Proteocephala
- Freshwater fish/Herps
- Scollex with 4 acetabula (sometimes with hooked rostellum)
- Multiple vitellaria along lateral lines of proglottids
-
Phylum Rhombozoa
Dicyemennea spp.
Rhombogen stage
- DH: kidney of Octopus bimaculoides
- Note: Infusoriform larvae, polar cells, sexual stage
-
Phylum Rhombozoa
Dicyemennea spp.
Nematogen stage
- DH: kidney of Octopus bimaculoides
- Note: Vermiform larvae, polar cells, asexual stage
- 100x
-
Dissection:
Octopus bimaculoides
Found Trypanorynch
-
What are the orders of Cestodes commonly found in Elasmobranchs?
- Trypanorhynca*
- Tetraphyllidea*
- Lecaniephalidea
- Litobothridea
- Diphyllidea
-
SC Aspidobothria
Multicalyx sp.
- Note: testis, large ventral sucker
-
C Trematoda
SC Aspidobothria
Cotylapsis
- DH: Branchial chamber of freshwater clam (Unionidae)
- Note: large ventral sucker (gumshoe-like sucker characteristic of Aspidobothria)
-
C Trematoda
SC Aspidobothria
Macrospis
- DH: Bile ducts of elasmobranch
- Note: large uterus and single, straight gut
-
SC Eucestoda
Hexacanth Egg Stage
-
SC Eucestoda
Procercoid Stage
-
SC Eucestoda
Plerocercoid Larva stage
-
Dissection: Tenebrio
Hymenolepis diminuta
- Beetle/onchosphere dissection
- 100x
- Found cysticercoid onchosphere
-
Dissection 2 Lab #7
Beetle/cysticercoid
- Tenebrio
- H. diminuta
- Found hexacanth onchosphere
-
SC Eucestoda
O cyclophyllidea (Families)
- Family Taeniidae
- Family Hymenolepididae
- Family Dilepididae
- Family Mesocestoididae
-
SC Eucestoda
O Cyclophyllidea
- Have scolex with four stout acetabula (usually with rostellum)
- lateral genital pore
- *vitelline gland is a single, compact mass located posterior to the ovary and medialy in the proglottid*
- ovary is situated medially and is often bilobed with small ootype located betwen its lobes
- Testes are follicuar and numerous (except Hymenolepis)
- Eggs of this order have a thick, radially-striated embyrophore (protective outer layer surrounding embryo)
-
SC Eucestoda
O Cyclophyllidea (life history)
- Do not require 2nd IH (so plerocercoid stage is skipped)
- 1IH has no procercoid stage
- Has cysticercoid (mammals) or cysticercus stage (inverts)
-
SC Eucestoda
O Cyclophyllidea
F. Taeniidae
- Have cysticercus
- IH = Mammals
-
SC Eucestoda
O Cyclophyllidea
Family Taeniidae
Taenia saginata
- "Beef Tapeworm"
- only humans serve as DH and cattle often serve as IH
- *no rostellum*
- 15-20 lateral branches per side
- larval worms cysts - cysticercus
-
SC Eucestoda
O Cyclophyllidea
Family Taeniidae
Taenia solium
- DH- Humans
- IH- Pigs (sometimes humans)
- When humans accidentally ingest eggs, larvae encyst in various tissues and cause severe pathology
- rostellum with 2 rows of hooks
- 7-13 lateral branches per side
- Cysticerci become large fluid filled sacs surrounding the invaginated scolex- aka "bladder worms"
-
Compare T. saginata and T. solium
-
SC Eucestoda
O Cyclophyllidea
Family Taeniidae
Taenia muliceps
- DH- Carnivores (esp. dogs)
- IH- Herbivorous mammals
- encyst in IH forming a coenurus- type of bladder worm that develops gradually and the inner layer of the bladder becomes a germinal layer from which protoscolices arise by the hundreds inside the bladder
- asexual budding of protoscolices
-
SC Eucestoda
O Cyclophyllidea
Family Taeniidae
Echinococcus granulosus
- DH- Carnivores & canines
- IH- Herbivores & humans
- If humans are infected as IH they get hydatidosis
- Adults possess an armed rostellum
- *strobila usually only consists of 3 proglottids*
- 46-65 testes
-
SC Eucestoda
O Cyclophyllidea
Family Taeniidae
Echinococcus granulosus (cyst)
- forms unilocular hydatid cyst
- hydatid grows very large and holds a sac full of brood capuses- texture is referred to as "hydatid sand"cysts can grow to hold 15 quarts of fluid!
-
SC Eucestoda
O Cyclophyllidea
Family Taeniidae
Echinococcus multilocularis
- DH: Foxes, Dogs, cats, coyotes
- IH: Rodents
- multilocular hydatid bud germinal layers external to the origninal hydatid to produce masses of hydatids that can spread drastically throughout host tissues
- 15-30 testes
-
SC Eucestoda
O Cyclophyllidea
F Hymenolepididae
- *1-4 testes*cysticercoid
- IH = arthropods
-
SC Eucestoda
O Cyclophyllidea
Family Hymenolepididae
Hymeolepis nana
- IH= optional
- DH= Rodents and humans
- Does NOT have hooks
-
-
SC Eucestoda
O Cyclophyllidea
Family Dilepididae
Dipylidium caninum
- DH- Dogs and cats
- IH- Fleas
- Each proglottid has 2 sets of reproductive organs, apparent by *2 genital pores opening at either side of each proglottid*
- rostellum with hooks
- Gravid
-
SC Eucestoda
O Cyclophyllidea
Family Mesocestoididae
- IH rodents and reptiles
- DH birds and mammals
- cysticercoid
- 4 suckers, no rostellum
- only one that undergoes asexual reproduction in DH
-
Phylum Nematoda
- Order Strongylida
- F Trichostrongylidae
- F Ancylostomatidae (hookworms)
- Order Oxyurida (pinworms)
- Order Enoplida (whipworms)
- Order Ascaridida (roundworms)
-
Nematodes Info
- Most with direct life cycles, few with IH
- paratenic host- parasite can survive but not necessary for LC
- Dauer juveniles- arrested development
- Eutely- Number of cells remains constant through out life of adult (cell enlargment)
-
Phylum Nematoda (morphology)
- bilatterally symmetrical, long, slender, and tapering at both ends
- movement is distinctly sinusoidal
- outer body is covered by a cuticle (protects from dessication, a barrier to host immune response, and a turgid surface for hydrostatic muscle contraction
- have separate sexes with high degree of sexual dimorphism
- testes elongate throughout the body
- copulatory spicules at posterior end of worm (used to hold vulva open)
- bursa in some are used to grasp females
- cuticle is molted a number of times during larval development
-
Phylum Nematoda
O strongylida
F Ancylostomatidae (hookworms)
- Possess a buccal capsule (large and scleroritzed "mouth" that is armed with cutting plates, teeth or lancet-like structures)
- J3 is infective stage (eventually make it to the alveoli in lungs)
- pathology is intensity dependent
- eggs are large and oval
- males hve large bursa with rays
- Necator americanus
- Anycylostoma duodenale
- Ancylostoma caninum
- Haemonchus contortus
-
P Nematoda
O Strongylida
F Ancylostomatidae (hookworms)
Necator americanus
- Human hookworm
- Buccal capsule has cutting plates
- Note lack of teeth
- May have paratenic hosts
-
P Nematoda
O Strongylida
F Ancylostomatidae (hookworms)
Necator americanus (male)
- Note copulatory bursa
- Note spicules fused distally
-
P Nematoda
O Strongylida
F Ancylostomatidae (hookworms)
Angiostrongulus cantonensis
- IH slugs and snails
- DH lungs of rats
- Infection by ingestion of IH
-
P Nematoda
O Strongylida
F Ancylostomatidae (hookworms)
Angiostrongylus cantonensis (male)
- Note prominent spicules
-
P Nematoda
O Strongylida
F Ancylostomatidae (hookworms)
Camallanus
- Intestine of cold-blooded verts
- IH- freshwater copepods
- Note buccal capsule with pair of large sclerotized valves
-
P Nematoda
O Strongylida
F Ancylostomatidae (hookworms)
Ancylostoma caninum
- Dog hookworm
- juveniles that penetrate humans can cause "creeping eruption" or cutaneous larval migrations, since larvae are "lost" in the wrong host
- J4 developmental arrest
- Note buccal capsule carrying plates with teeth
-
-
Family Trichostrongylidae
- Small buccal capsule
- J3 crawl to vegetation
-
P Nematoda
O Strongylida
F Trichostrongylidae (hookworms)
Haemonchus contortus
- Sheep hookworm; lives in 4th stomach: abomasum
- causes major losses in affected livestock
- buccal capsule is small and has a single tooth
- "barber pole worm"
-
P Nematoda
O Strongylida
F Trichostrongylidae (hookworms)
Haemonchus contortus (female)
- Note vulva flap
-
P Nematoda
O Strongylida
F Trichostrongylidae (hookworms)
Haemonchus contortus (male)
Note two prominent spicules with barbs at the tips
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