-
William James
- History pf Psychology
- -Functionalist
- -Wrote very first Psychology book Principles of Psychological States
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Carl Jung
- Personality-Extroversion/Introversion
- -Collective Unconscious
- -Contemporary Freud
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Laurence Kohlberg
- Developmental Psychology
- -Children develop morality
- -Six stages of life
- -Studied only white male children
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Wolfgang Kohler
- Cognition
- -Insight happens in the left Temporal lobe
- -Studied chimps
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Alfred Adler
- Personality
- -Neo-Freudian
- -Personality determined by birth order
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Mary Ainsworth
- Developmental Psychology
- -"Strangeworth"
- -Emotional attachment
- -Secure/insecure relationships
- -Studied children
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Solomon Asch
- Social Psychology
- -Conformity
- -Effects of peer pressure and the "line study"
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Albert Bandura
- Observational Learning
- -Bobo dall experiment
- -Self-efficiency: feeling self confident when preforming tasks
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Aaron Beck
- Psychological Disorders (Depression)
- -Created "Beck Inventory" for diagnosing depression.
- -Cognitive therapy
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Carl Rogers
- Personality
- -People have the need to "find themselves"
- -Unconditional Positive Regard
- -Active Listening in therapy
- -Disagreed with Skinner
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Herman Rorschack
- Personality
- -Ink-blot test to analyze one's personality
- -Not used today
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Stanley Schachter
- Emotion
- -Two-Factor theory of emotion: emotion involves arousal and cognition together
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Martin Seligman
- Personality (Emotion)
- -Positive Psychology: talking about what is right with a person to encourage positive thinking
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Hans Selye
- Stress
- -General Adaptation Syndrome: 1) alarm, 2) resistance, 3) exhaustion
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B.F. Skinner
- Operant Conditioning
- -Skinner Box or Opperant Chamber
- -Rienforcement
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Charles Spearman
- Intelligence
- -First theorist
- -Used "line of best fit" to determine General Intelligence (g factor).
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George Sperling
- Memory
- -Iconic Memory: short, accurate storage of sound
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Roger Sperry
- Bio
- -Split Brain Syndrome: cutting of the corpus callosum.
- -Won Nobel Peace Prize 1981
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Lewis Terman
- Intelligence
- -Stanford-Binet IQ test
- -Used test to segregate based on IQ
- -"Bad Guy"
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Edward Thorndike
- Operant Conditioning
- -Law of Effect: rewarded actions will occur more often.
- -Puzzle box
- -Influenced Skinner
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Louis Thurstone
- Intelligence
- -Seven Primary Mental Abilities: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist.
- -Disagreed with Spearman's G factor theory
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Edward Tolamn
- Cognition
- -Monkeys have thinking abilities, too
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John Watson
- Classical Conditioning
- -Caused fear in Little Albert
- -Marketing and Advertising for Maxwell House
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Ernst Weber
- Perception
- -Just Noticeable Difference (JND): when we notice a level of change 50% of the time and miss it 50% of the time.
- -Notice difference by % not an amount
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David Wechsler
- Intelligence
- -Created WAIS intelligence scale for adults.
- -Created WISC intelligence scale for children.
- -Still used today
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Carl Wernicke
- Bio
- -Wernicke's Area: part of left temporal lobe and helps us understand language.
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Benjamin Whorf
- Language
- -Linguistic Determinism: we can only express thoughts and ideas if we have the words to do so.
- -Think in language, expand language = expand thinking.
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Joseph Wolpe
- Therapy
- -Systematic Desensitization: help overcome anxiety and phobias
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Wilhelm Wundt*
- History of Psychology
- -"Father of Psychology"
- -Structuralist
- -Introspection
- -"How does the brain work?"
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Pillipe Zimbardo
- Social Psychology
- -Stanford Prison Experiment
- -Power of role playing
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Alfred Binet
- Intelligence
- -Binet-Siamon intelligence scale
- -Children develop mental abilities
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Paul Broca
- Bio
- -Broca's Area: found in left frontal lobe and responsible for motor cortex that controls speech.
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Walter Cannon
- Motivation
- -developed term "homeostasis"
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Raymond Cattell
- Personality
- -Developed 16 personality traits
- -Derived from Allport's traits
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Dorothea Dix
- Psychological Disorders
- -Activist
- -Helped reform insane asylums and treatment of mental patients
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Herman Ebbinghaus*
- Memory
- -Nonsense syllables and memory
- -Forgetting curve
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Jane Elliott
- Social Psychology
- -Blue eyes/Brown eyes
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Albert Ellis
- Therapy/Cognition
- -Negative thinking can stabilize depression
- -Challenge and change thinking to pull patients out of depression
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Erick Erikson
- Personality/Development
- -8 "crises" of life from birth to death
- -Neo-freudian
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Gustav Fechner
- Perception
- -Absolute Threshold: the minimum amount of stimulation I will notice
- -Difference Threshold: the minimum about of change in a stimulus I will notice
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Sigmund Freud*
- Memory/Personality (Consciousness)
- -Psychoanalytic
- -Unconscious desires of sex and aggression
- -Dreams
- -Repression
- -Not used today
- -Defense mechanisms
-
Franz Gall
- Bio
- -Frenology: studying bumps anf grooves on skull to learn about person's brain.
- -Not used today
-
John Garcia
- Classical Conditioning
- -Taste aversion
- -Experiment with Coyotes and sheep.
-
Harry Halow
- Developmental Psychology
- -Studied motivation in monkey
- -Affection and attachment with baby monkeys and robot monkey moms
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Karen Horney
- Personality
- -Opposed Freud's theory of penis-envy
- -Believed women were upset, not because they had a uterus, but because men wer oppressive.
- -Believed Freud should study love
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Clark Hull
- Motivation
- -Drive Reduction Theory: the urge to reduce tension in our environment
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Herman von Helmholdtz
- Sensation
- -Young-Helmholdtz tri-chromatic color theory: three types of cones in the eye, blue, green and red.
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Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
- Development
- -Five Stages of Grief: 1) denial, 2) Anger, 3) Bargaining, 4) Depression, 5) Acceptance
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Carl Lang
- Emotion
- -James-Lang Theory of Emotion: arousal leads to emotion.
- -Does not take into account cognition
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Kurt Lewis
- Social Psychology
- -Created Social Psych field
-
Elizabeth Loftus*
- Memory
- -False memory
- -Distortion
- -Confabulation
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Konrad Lorenz
- Learning
- -Aggression and imprinting in animals
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Abraham Maslow
- Motivation
- -Hierarchy of Needs: one bust satisfy more basic needs before they can work on satisfying more complex ones.
- -Self Actualization: living up to ones fullest potential
-
Franz Anton Mesmer
- States of Consciousness
- -Hypnotism or Mesmerism-Animal Magnetism
- -Idea of another state of consciousness
-
Stanley Milgram
- Social Psychology
- -"Teacher Shocking Students" experiment to study influence of authority
-
George Miller
- Memory
- -Short term memory holds 7 2 units
-
Ivan Pavlov
- Classical Conditioning
- -Studied salivation in dogs
- -Pairing on neutral stimulus with conditioned stimulus to get a conditioned response
-
Philippe Pinel
- Psychological Disorders
- -Helped reform insane asylums in France
-
Robert Plutchik
- Emotion
- -Color wheel of Emotion
- -8 primary emotions: Anger, Anticipation, Joy, Trust, Fear, Surprise, Sadness, Disgust
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