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What are mice mainly used for?
most common animal used for research
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Are mice popular pets?
yes
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What are mice raised for?
to feed predators
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What is the life span of a mouse?
about 3 years
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Do mice get sick easy?
no, they are hardy animals
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How much do mice weigh?
about 30 grams
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What are nude mice missing?
thymus (athymic)
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What are nude mice used for?
tumor research
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Do nude mice have the same life span as other mice?
no, they have a shortened lifespan
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What tools can you use to restrain mice?
- mesh gloves
- light weight leather gloves
- sponge forceps to grab scruff or base of tail
- clear plastic jar
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Are mice continuously polyestrous?
yes
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What is the gestation length of mice?
about 21 days
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When are mice weaned?
at 3 weeks
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How old are mice when we first breed them?
about 50 days old
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When do we stop breeding mice?
around 8 months old
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Do mice have postpartum estrus?
yes
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What is monogamous?
one pair breeding together
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What is polygamous?
- 1 male stays with 2 - 3 females
- male moves from female to female
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What is the Bruce effect?
recently bred mice abort if exposed to strangle male
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What is Whitten effect?
- anestrus in females housed together with no male
- estrus synchronization
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How do we collect blood from the orbital sinus?
- anesthetize patient
- use a heparinized capillary tube
- push tube through the conjunctiva and when it hits the sinus it will start to bleed and fill up the tube
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Other than the orbital sinus, where else can we collect blood from a mouse?
- cephalic and lateral tail vein
- patient can be awake
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What can we put on a vein to make it stand up better to see?
an irritating astringent or hot water
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How do we collect blood using the cardiac puncture?
- anesthetize patient
- stick patient right beside the xyphoid
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What are the different types of injections we can do for mice?
- subcutaneous
- intraperitoneal (into abdominal cavity)
- intramuscular (avoid if possible)
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Why do we avoid doing intramuscular injections in mice?
easy to damage nerves and muscle
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How do we use a gavage on a mouse?
- measure dosing needle from tip of nose to last rib
- restrain mouse
- follow curve of GI tract - don't force it
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Why do we need to be concerned about the food intake of mice?
mice have a high metabolic rate and can starve to death easily
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When do we usually see pneumonia in mice?
stress in large numbers
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What are the clinical signs of pneumonia in mice?
- teeth chattering
- dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
- weight loss
- conjunctivitis
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Does bacteria or viruses cause pneumonia in mice?
both can cause pneumonia
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What are some of the etiology for pneumonia in mice?
- mycoplasma
- bordetella
- pasteurella
- klebsiella
- cilia associated with respiratory bacillus
- sendai virus (most common)
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What does Helicobacter sp. cause in humans?
gastric ulcers
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What causes Helicobacter sp. in mice?
- hepatitis
- inflammatory bowel disease
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How do we treat Helicobacter sp.?
antibiotics (injection or gavage)
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What causes Tyzzer's disease?
clostridium piliforme
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Can we culture clostridium piliforme easily?
no, it is anaerobic
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Which mice do we usually see Tyzzer's disease in?
young and stressed (usually due to transport)
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What are the clinical signs of Tyzzer's disease?
- diarrhea
- dehydration
- anorexia
- sudden death
- milliary pale foci in liver (lesions on liver seen on a necropsy)
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What causes staph/strep infection in mice?
- dermatitis
- bite wounds
- conjunctivitis
- pharyngitis
- cervical lymphadenitis
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What is cervical lymphadenitis?
swelling under the jaw
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What type of virus is the mouse hepatitis virus?
a corona virus
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What does the mouse hepatitis virus affect?
the liver
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Is mouse hepatitis virus contagious?
yes, it is highly contagious
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What environments do we usually see the mouse hepatitis virus in?
research colonies
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Mouse hepatitis virus is a subclinical virus. What does this mean?
we don't see any clinical signs and in pet mice we don't even know they have it but it can affect the results of some research
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What does LIVIM stand for and what is it related to?
- lethal intestinal virus in infant mice
- mouse hepatitis virus that is transfered to baby from the mother and kills it at birth
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If mouse hepatitis virus is in a breeding program, what do we do?
stop breeding for 8 - 15 weeks and then start breeding again
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What is Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Mice? When do we see this infection start? What are the clinical signs of this infection?
- rotoviral infection
- 1 - 3 weeks of age
- stunted growth and soft yellow feces
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What is lymphocytic choriomeningitis?
- zoonotic flu like viral disease
- transmitted from handling rodent
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What are some other diseases mice can get?
- ectromelia (pox virus, uncommon)
- parvovirus (uncommon)
- encephalomyocarditis virus (elephants get this from mice)
- hantavirus (seen in wild mice and is zoonotic, spread in feces of mice)
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What are the parasites that mice can get?
- mites
- lice
- pinworms - Syphacia (hair loss around base of the tail, very common and irritating)
- tapeworms - Hymenolepsis
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When do we typically find pinworms (Syphacia) in mice?
- usually seen when doing a fecal on an animal that has eaten the mouse
- banana shaped worm that we don't treat
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What is the most common parasite in mice?
mites
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How do we diagnose and treat mites in mice?
- do a skin scraping
- treat with ivermectin
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What is barbering in mice?
animal chewing on another animal
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What are the signs of barbering?
- rough hair coat
- skin lesions in extreme cases
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How do we treat barbering?
remove the animal that is doing the chewing...it is usually the animal without the rough hair coat or lesions
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What is the most common subcutaneous tumor in mice?
mammory tumor
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Are most mammary tumors malignant?
yes
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Which mice do we typically see mammary tumors in?
older mice...>1 1/2 years old
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What is the problem with malocclusion in mice?
can interfere with the mouse eating
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