Gametogenesis in Male Review
Like in female, controlled by __
Need those two hormones, and testosterone to __
anterior pituitary hormones, FSH and LH
have gametogenesis
I.Sperm cell is __(2n) reproduces by mitosis II.Enables male to do what?
I.At some point, in the life on a spermatogonia, it __--> __ I.In commitment, what has to happen as part of commitment is __ II. 2n (Chromosome number)/ 2n (DNA molecule)
spermatogonia
make many stem cells throughout life
comits to becoming a gameteà
primary spermatocyte
replication of genetic material
Meiosis I: in male gametogenesis
- primary spermatocyte (2n/4n)à
- secondary spermatocyte (1n/ 2n)
Meiosis II in male gametogenesis
Meiosis II:
- four cells that are completely haploid (chromatids separate)àspermatids
Spermatogenesis is from top up to the last four haploid cells that do not resemble sperm:
End of Meiosis II sperm
- round, nondistinct cellsThey have to be streamlined into sperm= spermiogenesis, where they obtain their sperm shape
One primary spermatocyteà makes what?
He always has __
four sperm
spermatogonia, primary stem cells
Gametogenesis in female
Mature all at same time
Meiosis and maturing at the same time
Difference in results for male and female
end for female is larger and larger egg because she has to bring a dowry of structures that will be used by embryo in early development
The sperm streamlines in gametogenesis in the male; gets smaller and only has cytoplasm
Female gametogenesis begins in what?
Begins when she is in the womb (embryo)
- in her ovary, all her stem cells commit to meiosis (oogoniaà primary oocytes)
When does each primary oocyte actually begin meiosis I?
when she is still in the womb
- by the time she’s born, they are rested in prophase I, meiosis I= all of them
What happens when she commits?
She begins Meiosisà stops at prophase I at birth
Every primary oocyte is an immature (primary) follicle
All commit to becoming __ If the commitment is the same, it has to __
primary oocytes
replicate its genetic material
Primary follicle is the ?
primordial follicle
What happens at puberty?
, every month, one primary oocyte completes meiosis one
What determines where in cell cytokinesis will happen?
Where is the primary oocyte's nucleus?
Meiotic division in terms of location of nucleus?
site of nucleus
Primary oocyte’s nucleus is up top; meiotic division is horizontal
Contrast cytokinesis in male and female
uneven cytokinesis in female, not male
Result of meiosis I
Secondary oocyte and first polar body (1n/2n)
Function: of first polar body
(terminal cell): remove a set of homologs from the developing egg
Get rid of a set of chromosomes
Does the formation of just one ovum in female gametogenesis happen in all animals?
How do we know its only one egg?
Doesn’t happen in all animals: some make four eggs
We have one child at a time
Other animals have litters
True or False:
Even though terminal cell, first polar body could go through meiosis IIà polar bodies
true
Meiosis II for females
Secondary oocyte goes through meiosis II, producing one large cell; one small cell
Small cell= second polar body
Because of eccentric location of nucleusà result: large cell (ovum) and small cell (second polar body)
Both ovum and second polar body are __n/__n Function of second polar body:
1n/1n
reduce the set of sister chromatids from the (secondary oocyte)à what remains is the completely haploid egg (ovum)
Get rid of remaining set to make the ovum completely haploid
End result in female of meiosis II
egg is one full set of haploid chromosomes
All polar bodies are 1n/1n
Where does the secondary oocyte come from?
Primary oocyte
What happens when the sperm enters the secondary oocyte?
it enables the secondary oocyte to complete meiosis II
The secondary oocyte is ovulated and enters the fallopian tube and meets the sperm there
True or False:
The stem cell in a female exists after birth.
false; does not
How do the secondary oocyte and sperm relate?
Secondary oocyte= meiosis II if the sperm enters
Needs sperm to complete meiosis II
No spermà shed, not completed; it will never become an egg
First polar body and meiosis II relation
First polar body has no general function after it carries out it first; it generally doesn’t undergo meiosis II
Size of ovum in relation to starting cell
Why?
Ovum is much larger than starting cell
At end, when you have the mature ovum, it is much larger than the primary oocyte that began the process
Part of the process of oogenesis is the accumulation of structures, so that it can foster early development
Why must the egg have so many structures?
Embryonic genome does not turn out as quickly
Has to rely on maternal messages, ribosomes, enzymes, etc.
Normal fertilization occurs in (be specific)=
ampulla of the fallopian tube
The following cells have similar genetic constitutions:
