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a. In both male and female humans, the coordinated actions of hormones from the ___, __, and __ govern __
- hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and gonads
- reproduction
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What does the hypothalamus secrete?
Hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which directs the anterior pituitary to secrete the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone and leutenizing hormone
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What do FSH and LH regulate?
1. These two hormones regulate Gametogenesis directly, by targeting tissues in gonads, and indirectly, by regulating sex hormone production
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Principle sex hormones: __, which regulate both directly and indirectly
steroids
- i. Females: estrogens, especially estradiol and progesterone
- ii. males: androgens, especially testosterone
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Functions of sex hormones besides promoting gamete : androgens
male vocalization
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1. During development of human embryo, androgens promote the __ of males, the structures directly involved in reproduction
a. These include the __ and __, and __
- appearance of the primary sex characteristics
- seminal vesicles and associated ducts, and external reproductive anatomy
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i. At puberty, sex hormones in both males and females induce formation of __, the physical and behavioral features
secondary sex characteristics
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1. Males: androgens= __(3)__ (by stimulating protein synthesis)
a. Promote __ and __ and increase __
- deeper voice, facial and pubes development, muscle growth
- sexual behaviors
- sex drive
- aggressiveness
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2. Females: estrogen= estradiol stimulates __ development and female __, induces__in the breast and hips, increases __, and alters __
- breast and pubes development
- sex behavior
- fat deposition
- water retention
- calcium metabolism
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