Radiology Review #1

Energy is transit from one location to another:

Radiation that produces negatively and positive charged particles when passing though matter:

Any process that decreases the intensity of the primary photon beam directed toward some destination:

Transfer of energy from the x-ray beam to atoms or molecules from which it passes:

annual natural exposure:

man made annual exposure:

medical/dental annual exposure:

Total annual radiation exposure:

non fluoro exam with greatest gonad dose:

How to calculate cumulative dose equivalent:

Going from mrem to msv:
Going from rem to msv:

Occupational annual dose:

Occupational annual eye dose:

Occupational annual dose for skin, eyes, feet:

public annual dose for frequent exposure:

Public annual dose for infrequent exposure:

Total dose for fetal annually:

monthly annual dose for fetal:

5 types of interaction in matter:

Coherent:

Photoelectric:

Compton:

To measure exposure use:

To measure absorbed dose use:

To measure absorbed dose equivalent use:

Dose Equivalent:

Quality Factor:

The formula for dose equivalent is:

To determine quality factor:

x-ray photons, beta particles and gamma photons have a quality factor of:

neutrons and alpha particles have a quality factor of:

Formula for effective dose:

Difference between equivalent dose and effective dose:

Reduces exposure to patients skin and superficial tissue by absorbing most of the lower energy photons:

aluminum has a z number of:

The most common material used for absorption is:

inherent filtration should be:

added filtration is located:

total filtration above 70 kvp:

total filtration b/w 50-70 kvp:

total filtration for fluoro and mobile equitment:

mammo filtration usually uses:

Gonadal shielding should be used when:

High speed film combination results in:

Grids and patient dose:

Fluoro unit SID (fixed unit):

Fluoro unit SID (mobile unit):

cumulative timing device:

exposure rate maximum for image intensified units in fluoro:

exposure rate maximum for conventional non intensified units:

cinefluorography:

primary barriers are located:

@ 130 kVp protective barrier should be:

Secondary protective barrier should be:

exposure rate in a controlled area should not exceed:

exposure rate in an uncontrolled area should not exceed:

Percentage of time the useful beam is directed towards a particular wall:

ESE of chest w/ grid:

ESE of AP lumbar spine:

ESE of KUB:

ESE of AP C spine:

barrier thickness of lead glass window:

barrier thickness of protective drape or curtain:

barrier thickness of gloves:

thyroid shield barrier thickness:

protective glasses barrier thickness:

4 types of personel monitoring devices:

TLD:

Film badge:

OSL:

pocket dosimeter:

Stochastic effects of radiation:

nonstochastic effects of radiation:

The amount at which ionizing radiation is transferred to soft tissue:

High LET:

Low LET:

Provides a comparison of the biologic effects from equal doses of different types of radiation.

Tissue is more sensitive when irradiated in the oxygenated state than when irradiated under anoxic or hypoxic conditions.

RBE and LET have a _______ relationship:

OER formula:

DNA serves as the master molecule of the cell. If the master molecule is inactivated by exposure to radiation then the cell will die.

Radiosensitivity is directly proportional to their reproductivity and inversly proportional to their differentation.

Most sensitive to least sensitive cells:

In the radiation dose response relationship the horizontal axsis is/ vertical axsis:

Proportional response to the dose and response and the curve forms a straight line when graphed.

Response where there is no fixed proportional response b/w dose and response and forms a curved line.

Dose response curve exhibits some effect no matter how small the dose:

Dose response cure that is linear or proportional at low dose levels and becomes curvlinear at high dose levels.

radiation threshold is a what response:

Stages of acute radiation syndrome:

Syndromes of acute radiation syndrome:

hematologic syndrome occurs w/ doses of:

GI syndrome occurs w/ doses of:

CNS syndrome occurs w/ doses of:

Dose of radiation required per generation to double the spontanious rate:

annual GSD of all radiation sources is:

Largest account for GSD is:

Occurs when a total radiation dose is delivered in smaller amounts and spread over a period of time

Occurs when the dose is delivered continously but at a slow rate