-
Wycliffe
English Friar who criticized the clergy, taxes, and doctrine of transubstantiiation.
-
Hus
A Czech priest with similar criticisms of Wycliffe's who led a revolt in Bohemia against the pope, and was thus burned at the stake.
-
Great Schism
One of the popes moved its location to Avignon in France as multiple popes fought for control of the papacy during this event.
-
Constantinople
The Ottoman Empire rose as a serious threat to Christian Europe after the fall of this city and its thus renaming to Istanbul.
-
Hundred Years War
Long-lasting conflict between the French and English due to princes having claims to each other's throne.
-
War of the Roses
War continuing in England between the Lancastrians and the Yorks that led to the Tudor dynasty gaining control of England.
-
Chaucer
Portrayed a wide variety of English life in his book, The Canterbury Tales.
-
Black Death
Caused a severe shortage of peasants and urban workers due to the massive loss of population in the mid 1300s.
-
Isabelle
A united Spain was created because of this ruler from Castile
-
Ferdinand
Along with Isabelle, this ruler from Aragon also helped in Spain's reunification efforts.
-
Renaissance
French for "rebirth", a reawakening of interest in the classical past.
-
Humanism
Study of writings of the classical past, with studies of rhetoric, poetry, history, politics, and philosphy.
-
Medici
The leading Florentine political family.
-
Petrarch
Wrote in both Latin and Italian, encouraged the study of ancient Rome and is considered the father of humanism.
-
Boccaccio
Wrote the Decameron, which were meant to amuse the reader.
-
Castiglione
Wrote the Book of the Courtier, which specified the qualities necessary for a gentleman who would need to lead an active life, not contemplative like the Middle Ages were.
-
Donatello
He is the father of Renaissance sculpture, worked with Bronze, and equestrian designs, and sculpted David in 1440.
-
Leonardo Da Vinci
Produced the Last Supper and Mona Lisa as well as many mechanical designs.
-
Raphael
A master of Renaissance grace and style, theory and technique in The School of Athens.
-
Michelangelo
Produced masterpieces in sculpture (David) and painting (The Sistine Chapel Ceiling) and whose work was an introduction to mannerism.
-
Machiavelli
Wrote The Prince, which analyzed politics from the standpoint of reason, rather than faith or tradition.
-
Gutenberg
Invented movable type, which facilitated the spread of new ideas through Europe.
-
Durer
Perfected the woodcut, which gave realism and individualism to the arts that combined words and images.
-
Erasmus
Leader of Northern Humanism whose In Praise of Folly satirizes the ambitions of the world, especially the clergy. It is said he "laid the egg that Luther hatched."
-
Sir Thomas More
English lawyer, politician, and humanist who wrote Utopia that mixed civic humanism with religious ideals and thus describe the perfect society.
-
Prince Henry
Set up the first school of navigation in Portugal and wished to expand his power into North Africa.
-
B. Dias
Rounded the Southern tip of Africa in 1487, but decided not to embark on the more perilous aspect of the voyage to India.
-
Vasco da Gama
He actually decided to embark on the perilous voyage around the Southern tip of Africa to India in 1498.
-
Tordesillas
Treaty set up by Spanish pope Alexander VI Borgia to give Spain all legal claims to the western part of the "line" which moved several times.
-
Columbus
A Genoese sailor who had a map suggesting a westerly route across the Atlantic to Japan, China, and India.
-
Ferdinand and Isabella
Sponsored or "bankrolled" the voyages of Columbus.
-
Americo Vespucci
Made several voyages between 1499 and 1502 to the soon to be named for him American coast.
|
|