Euro Review 1

English Friar who criticized the clergy, taxes, and doctrine of transubstantiiation.

A Czech priest with similar criticisms of Wycliffe's who led a revolt in Bohemia against the pope, and was thus burned at the stake.

One of the popes moved its location to Avignon in France as multiple popes fought for control of the papacy during this event.

The Ottoman Empire rose as a serious threat to Christian Europe after the fall of this city and its thus renaming to Istanbul.

Long-lasting conflict between the French and English due to princes having claims to each other's throne.

War continuing in England between the Lancastrians and the Yorks that led to the Tudor dynasty gaining control of England.

Portrayed a wide variety of English life in his book, The Canterbury Tales.

Caused a severe shortage of peasants and urban workers due to the massive loss of population in the mid 1300s.

A united Spain was created because of this ruler from Castile

Along with Isabelle, this ruler from Aragon also helped in Spain's reunification efforts.

French for "rebirth", a reawakening of interest in the classical past.

Study of writings of the classical past, with studies of rhetoric, poetry, history, politics, and philosphy.

The leading Florentine political family.

Wrote in both Latin and Italian, encouraged the study of ancient Rome and is considered the father of humanism.

Wrote the Decameron, which were meant to amuse the reader.

Wrote the Book of the Courtier, which specified the qualities necessary for a gentleman who would need to lead an active life, not contemplative like the Middle Ages were.

He is the father of Renaissance sculpture, worked with Bronze, and equestrian designs, and sculpted David in 1440.

Produced the Last Supper and Mona Lisa as well as many mechanical designs.

A master of Renaissance grace and style, theory and technique in The School of Athens.

Produced masterpieces in sculpture (David) and painting (The Sistine Chapel Ceiling) and whose work was an introduction to mannerism.

Wrote The Prince, which analyzed politics from the standpoint of reason, rather than faith or tradition.

Invented movable type, which facilitated the spread of new ideas through Europe.

Perfected the woodcut, which gave realism and individualism to the arts that combined words and images.

Leader of Northern Humanism whose In Praise of Folly satirizes the ambitions of the world, especially the clergy. It is said he "laid the egg that Luther hatched."

English lawyer, politician, and humanist who wrote Utopia that mixed civic humanism with religious ideals and thus describe the perfect society.

Set up the first school of navigation in Portugal and wished to expand his power into North Africa.

Rounded the Southern tip of Africa in 1487, but decided not to embark on the more perilous aspect of the voyage to India.

He actually decided to embark on the perilous voyage around the Southern tip of Africa to India in 1498.

Treaty set up by Spanish pope Alexander VI Borgia to give Spain all legal claims to the western part of the "line" which moved several times.

A Genoese sailor who had a map suggesting a westerly route across the Atlantic to Japan, China, and India.

Sponsored or "bankrolled" the voyages of Columbus.

Made several voyages between 1499 and 1502 to the soon to be named for him American coast.