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what are the five nutrient groups?
- water
- proteins
- carbs
- fats
- minerals and vitamens
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what is the most vital nutrient?
water
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why should pets be on high quality diets not be given supplements?
- developmental problems in puppys
- diets meet nutritional needs
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why is taurine inportant for cats?
assential amino acid for maintaning adequate tissue levels
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what percentage of a diet can be exchanged for treats?
10%
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why must protein be of high biological value?
to be more easily digested and absorbed
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what is the definition of taurine?
sulphur containing amino acid derived from animal protein
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differnce between carnivore and omnivore
- carnivore-mainly protein
- omnivore-protein and vegtables
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what does palatability mean?
pleasentness of taste
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feeding a dog vegtables can make a dogs urine ......this is a concern because......?
- alkaline
- it can cause crystals and stone formation in the urine
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why are high quality diets more economical tha others?
you feed less and still have more nutrients compacted
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pregnant and lactating animals how many more times of food?
4
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what are the clinical signs seen with poor nurtrition in pregnant and nursing mothers?
- chronic diarrhea
- anemia in bitch or pups
- poor milk production
- mother appears out of condition
- fading puppy syndrome
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2 reasons why free choice feeding for cats is not a good idea?
- hard to regulate weight
- nutritionally unbalanced
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what condition makes a dog more prone to joint problems?
obesity
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list four diets for an obese cats?
- hills r/d
- hills w/d
- hills m/d
- mcrc calorie control
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what type of diet will be Rx for a cat with FLUTD
hills s/d
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name three diets that a cat with FLUTD could be prescribed for the rest of its life
- MCRC Urinary S/O
- iams vet formula urine low ph
- hills c/d multi-care
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list four diets for growing cats and dogs
- MCRC development kitten
- hills healthy advantage puppy
- Hills healthy advantage kitten
- PVD pediatric puppy
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can hills healthy advantage be used as a maintenance diet for cats and dogs?
yes
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list four diets for cats and dogs with skin allergies
- MCRC hypo Hp-feline
- MCRC skin care-canine
- Hills z/d- feline
- Hills z/d ultra (allergen-free) canine
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name the diet for dogs wiwht early dementia problems?
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what is the definition of the abbreviation n/d
neoplasia
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list 3 diets that are made specifically for dogs with skeletal problems
- hills j/d
- MCRC mobility support
- PVD jm
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list three diets for dogs and cats with intestinal disorders
- hills i/d
- hills z/d ultra
- mcrc gastro
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list four diets for kidney disease in cats
- hills k/d
- PVD NF
- mcrc renal lp
- mcrc reduced kidney
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two diets for animals with diabetes mellitus
- MCRC diabetic
- hills m/d
- PVD-D/M
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list four post surgery diets for cats and dogs
- hills a/d
- iams vet formula max calorie
- MCRC sensitivity
- MCRC recovery
All short term diets for puppy and kitten diet to give back fat
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what two diets are given specifically to older cats?
-
list three diets for both cats and dogs with heart disease
- hills g/d
- hills h/d
- MCRC renal LP
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name one diet that helps cats with hairballs
hills hairball formula
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list three diets for dogs and cats with heart disease
- hills g/d
- hills h/d
- MCRC renal Lp
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cats need.....protein than dogs?
more
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which company doesnt make a vegetarian diet for dogs?
hills
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a cat or dog with kidney problems needs less what in there diet?
protein
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what are two types of carbohydrates and what is the differnce between them?
insoluable (in-digestible) soluble (simple sugars or monosaccharides)
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what is a major benefits to feeding a dental formula as a maintenance diet?
preventitive to dental disease
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cats usually get.....in there urine and dogs get........?
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which company first came out with prescription diets?
hills
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what are three objectives to proper nutrition?
- support normal growth
- maintain health and activity
- optimum reproduction
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what is a protein?
organic compounds made up of amino acids essential part of the body mass. ie cells, blood , muscle
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what is a BARF diet?
bones and raw food *(biologically appropriate raw food)
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what is a balanced diet
diet made up of a essential nutrient in balanced proportions
-
AAFCO
associate american animal feed control officials
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what is a by-product?
material generated incidentally to the production of something else. eg blood bone fat excludes, hair, hide
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what is the differnce between maintenance and theraputic diets?
- maintenance is used to prevent medical conditions
- theraputic diets are usd to control existing conditions
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taurine
sulphur containing amino acid derived from mammalian protein
-
protein
organic compound made up of chains of amino acid essential part of the body mass ie cells muscle blood diet must contain high proportion of protein to maintain body mass
-
ash
mineral content in food, usually magnesium
-
-
omnivore
meat and plant eater
-
-
by-products
materials generated incidentally to the production of something else eg blood bone fat. this excludes hair hide horns teeth hooves manure feathers and stomach contents
-
meal feeding
a measured portion of food taken at during a specific time frame
-
balanced diet
diet made up of all essential nutrients in balanced proportions
-
palatability
pleasentness of taste
-
free-choice feeding
free to eat as much as wanted whenever wanted (no measured proportions)
-
ph:
acidity or alkalinity (eg. of urine)
-
over nutrition
feeding in excess of requirements can lead to rapid weight gain, developmental or skeletal abnormalitys
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a/d
hills-anorexia diet-mcrc recovery
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b/d
hills-brain diet-mcrc calm
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c/d
hills crystal diet-mcrc urinary s/o
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n/d
hills neoplasia diet- mcrc no equivalent
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d/d
hills derm diet-mcrc skin support, hypo, hypo hp
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h/d
hills heart diet-mcrc cardiac
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g/d
hills geriatric-mcrc mature senior consult
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i/d
hills intestinal- MCRC gastro
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j/d
hills joint diet- mcrc mobility support
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k/d
hills kidney-mcrc reduced protein, renal lp
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l/d
hills liver diet-mcrc hepatic
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m/d
hills mellitus (metabolic)-mcrc diabetic
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p/d
hills pediatric-mcrc development
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r/d
hills reducing-mcrc reducing, weight control, calorie control
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s/d
hills stone diet-mcrc s/o
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u/d
hills urate crystals-no equivalent
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w/d
hills weight diet-mcrc weight control
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y/d
hills hyperthyrioid-no equivalent
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z/d
hills allergys-mcrc hypo
-
z/d ultra
hills allergys-mcrc hypo, vegetarian, sensetivity
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x/d
hills oxalcate crystals- mcrc urinary s/o
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t/d
hills-tooth-mcrc dental
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energy is provided by?
ingestion of fats, proteins, carbohydrates
-
food energy is measured by what?
the heat it produces
-
heat of combustion
heat produced by burning food energy
-
what is energy measured in?
kcals calories
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how is water obtained?
from drinking water or from metabolic breakdown of fats, carbs and proteins
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how much water loss can be fatal?
10%
-
what can an animal survive after for long amounts of time?
fat, glycogen and almost half of its protein
-
what is the proteins function in the body?
enzymes i.e digestive enzymes, hormones, (ie insulen) body secretions, saliva, and are critical to growing pets
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protein must be of....................and....................?
high biological value and easily absorbed
-
protein is critical to which pets?
- growing pets
- pets that exert themselfs physically
- lactating animals
- pregnant animals
- animals that are producing new tissue
-
what does the term carbohydrate cover?
- molecules composed of carbon
- hydrogen
- oxygen
-
what affects do carbs have on the body/
- provide energy
- alter gi function
- improve body function
-
what are the two types of carbohydrates?
-
what are insoluble carbohydrates?
indigestible which are called dietary fibre
-
what are soluble carbs?
simple sugars or monosaccharides which are easily absorbed require no digestion and are the only carbs used for energy
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what can fibre do to the stool?
increase bulk of stool and produce larger softer stools which are easier to pass
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how does fiber alter fat and sugars?
it alters the fat and sugar metabolism by decreasing fat absorption or increasing cholesterol excretion
-
how does fibre help in insulin managment?
alters insulen kinetics
-
-
what are fats needed for?
- palatability
- absorption of fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)
- source of essential fatty acids for cell membranes and hormone/enzyme production
-
if a diet is high in protein and carbs what is not needed?
fats are not needed
-
how much energy does fat give to the body?
25-50%
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what are minerals and vitamins?
trace elements, they are vital for the body to function
-
which 2 vitamins are water soluble?
b and c
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which 4 vitamins are fat soluble
A,D,E,K
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what are vitamin diet supplements needed for?
- acid base balance
- structural integrity
- maintenance of body fluid balances
- cell function, muscle, nerve functions
- production of enzymes (hormones and proteins that control metabolism)
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what are the five objectives for proper nutrition
- support normal growth
- allow achievement of genetic potential
- maintain health and activity
- optimum reproduction
- optimum quality of life of the pet
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what percent of animals are overweight?
53%
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antioxidants (anti-free radicals)
- fight aging, prevent and treat cardiovascular disease, cancer, nervous diseas and replenishment after excretment
- exp blueberries
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chondroitin/glucosamine
prevents and treats osteo arthritis problems by limiting the degeneration of cartilage
-
green lipped mussel
extract of the mussel which reduces pain and inflammation of the joint mobility, also fights oxidation and maintains cartilage
-
curcumin
from tumeric or curcuma powder, has effects on skin, liver, platelets and has anti cancer properties
-
aloe vera
has positive affects on the skin, it activates collegen for healing, anti inflam propertys, stimulates immune function and fights oxidation
-
probiotics
a living organism admin orally to help balance intestinal flora this may help to treat or prevent digestive problems. also have impact on overall health and immunity
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