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DNA
- Deoxyribo nucleic acid
- Stores genetic information
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Rna
- Ribonucleic acid
- does transfers of genetic information
- Functions like enzymes but is not a protein
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Nucleotide
made of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
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Polymer
made of nucleotide subunits
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RNA Nitrogenous bases
Adenine, cytosine, guanine and uricil
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DNA Nitrogenous bases
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine (Hydrogen bonds for these)
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Phosphodiester Bond
Covalent bond between phosphate group and sugar of adjacent nucleotides
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What are four major Macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acid
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DNA Replication
The hydrogen bonds will break apart, the strands of DNA will make copies of themselves and then bond back together. The three up 5 down strand thing is what makes em' helixy
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Anti parrellel
Strands are oriented this way and then twisted to form a double helix.
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RNA (hairpin) Structure
Same ideal as DNA except that the bases are different. RNA is single stranded and will fold up and base pair to itself. 
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Carbohydrates
They are sugars. They function as energy storage, structure and cell identity.
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Monosaccharide Structures
- Large variety of structures do to variable:
- Number of Carbons
- Linear vs. ring formations
- location of carbonyl group
- configuration of hydroxyl groups
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Glycosidic linkage
Covalent bond between sugars. monomers can be identical or different.
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Starch
Glucose polymer stored in plants. Branched or unbranched
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Glycogen
Glucose polymer stored in animals - highly branched
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Structural Polysaccharides
- Cellulose- plant and algae cell walls
- Chitin- fungi cell walls, exoskeleton of bugs and crustaceans
- Peptidoglycan- bacterial cell wall
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Glycoproteins
Key molecules in cell - cell recognition and signalling. This is a sugar that coats the cells - how our body knows if the cell belongs to us or not. Not our sugar... not our cell.
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