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Major Elements of the Human Body
- Carbon (C)- 18%
- Hydrogen (H)- 10%
- Oxygen (O)- 65%
- Nitrogen (N)- 3%
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Organic Compounds
contain carbon, are covalently bounded, and are large
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Inorganic Compounds
- Do not usually contain carbon
- water, salts, and many acids and bases
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Water
- Universal solvent
- high thermal stability
- cohesion
- adhesion
- chemical reactivity
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Adhesion
Water is a polar solvent (forms shell around the solute)
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cohesion
polar character makes water molecules attracted to one another by hydrogen bonds, allowing the flow of substances through body tubes
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Water chemical Reactivity
water is important part of hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis reactions
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Salts
- Ionic compounds that hydrolyze in water
- contain cations and anions
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Polymers
unit molecules in chains
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dehydration sythesis
synthesis of polymers, one unit at a time
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hydrolysis
breaking down macromolecules , one at a time
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Carbohydrate
- Type- polymer
- unit molecule- sugars
- elements present- CHO
- Examples- Starch, cellulose
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Proteins
- Type- polymer
- unit molecule- amino acids
- elements present- CHNOS
- Examples- albumin
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Nucleic Acids
- Type- polymers
- unit molecule- nucleotides
- elements present- CHNOP
- Examples- DNA
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Lipids (fats)
- Type- not polymer
- unit molecule- numerous
- elements present- CHO
- Examples- triglycerides, cholesterol
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Carbohydrate function
supply cellular energy source and dietary fiber
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monosaccharides
simple sugars
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disaccharides
two sugar units
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polysaccharides
polymers of simple sugars
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Starch
- chains with fewer branches of glucose than glycogen
- plant glucose storage
- food source
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cellulose
- dietary fiber
- chains of glucose bound with a different 3D config as compared to glycogen and starch
- compose plant cell walls
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