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Amyl Nitrate
Class
Pharmacology and Actions
Class: Nitrate
- P&A:
- Vasodilator and smooth muscle relaxant
- Convert hemoglobin to methemoglin
-
Amyl Nitrate
Indications
Contraindications
- Indications:
- Cyanide poisoning (bitter almond smell to breath)
- Contraindications:
- None when used to manage acute cyanide poisoning
-
Amyl Nitrate
Precautions and Side Effects
Dosage
- P/SE:
- Headaches/dizziness
- Orthostatic V/S changes
- Syncope
- Tachycardia
- Nausea/Vomiting
- Dosage:
- 0.3 ml ampule crushed every minute and inhaled for 15-30 seconds
-
Succinylcholine
Class
Pharmacology and Actions
- Class:
- Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
- P&A:
- An ultra-short acting neuromuscular blocker with high affinity for Ach receptor sites
-
Succinylcholine
Indications
Contraindications
- Indications:
- Facilitated endotracheal intubation
- Contraindications:
- Family history of malignant hyperthermia
- Glaucoma
- Dehydration
- Liver disease
-
Succinylcholine
Precautions and Side Effects
Dosage
- P/SE:
- Bradycardia
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Hypertension
- Respiratory depression
- Sinus Arrest
- Adult dose:
- 1.0 - 1.5 mg/kg IV/IM
-
Nitrous Oxide
Class
Pharmacology and Actions
- P&A:
- A self-administered analgesic gas compound of 50% oxygen and 50% nitrous oxide.
- It's effects lasts only 2-5 minutes after administration ceases
-
Succinylcholine
Indications
Contraindications
- Indications:
- Musculoskeletal
- Burns
- Severe anxiety
- Ischemic chest pain
- Contraindications:
- ALOC
- COPD
- Pneumothorax
- Bowel obstruction
-
Succinylcholine
Precautions and Side Effects
Dosage
- P/SE:
- Dizziness
- ALOC
- Hallucinations
- N/V
- Dosage:
- Self administered inhalation until pain is relieved or patient drops the mask
-
Heparin
Class
Pharmacology and Actions
- P&A:
- A rapid onset of anticoagulant.
- It exerts direct effect on blood coagulation by enhancing the inhibitory actions of antithrombin III on severe factors essential to normal blood clotting, thereby blocking the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin
-
Heparin
Indications
Contraindications
- Indications:
- To prevent thrombus formulation in acute MI
- Contraindications:
- Active bleeding
- Pregnancy
- Menstruation
- Hemophilia
-
Heparin
Precautions and Side Effects
Dosage
- P/SE:
- Spontaneous bleeding
- Hypertension
- Headache
- Nasal congestion
- Bronchospasm
- Dosage:
- 5000 units IV followed by 20,000 to 40,000 units IV over hours
-
Etomidate
(Name)
Class
Pharmacology and Actions
(Name: Amidate)
- P&A:
- An ultra-short acting non-barbiturate hypnotic with no analgesic effects and limited cardiovascular effects and respiratory effects
-
Etomidate
Indications
Contraindications
- Indications:
- First line hypnotic for Rapid Sequence Induction (RSI) Intubation
- Contraindications:
- Hypersensitivity
-
Etomidate
Precautions and Side Effects
Dosage
- P/SE:
- Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Bradycardia
- Apnea
- Dosage:
- 0.1 - 0.3 mg/kg IV over 15-30 seconds
-
Dopamine Hydrochloride
(Name)
Class
Pharmacology and Actions
(Name: Intropin)
- P&A:
- Precursor to norepinephrine (an endogenous catecholamine)
- Increases cardiac output without appreciably increasing myocardial oxygen demand
- Stimulates alpha, beta and dopaminergic receptors in a dose-dependent fashion ** (See page in binder)
- Doses higher than 20 mcg/kg/min produce norepinephrine like effects. For this reason, if further support is necessary, wither Epinephrine infusions or Dobutamine infusions are added
- Onset of action: less than 5 minutes
-
Dopamine Hydrochloride
Indications
Contraindications
- Indications:
- Cardiogenic Shock (Pulmonary edema with non-hypovolemic hypotension BP<100)
- Anaphylaxis - refractory to Epinephrine administration and fluid boluses
- Bradycardia - refractory to Atropine and Transcutaneous Pacing
- Shock states with hemodynamically significant hypotension in the ABSENCE of hypovolemia (sepsis, neurogenic shock)
- Crush injury
- Contraindications:
- Should not be given for hemodynamically significant hypotension secondary to hypovolemia from blood loss or dehydration
-
Dopamine Hydrochloride
Precautions and Side Effects
Dosage
- P/SE:
- Tachycardia, ectopic beats, nausea, vomiting, angina, palpitations, headache and dyspnea
- High doses can cause hypertension, requiring a reduction in infusion rate
- Dose:
- Anaphalaxis: Infusion of 20mcg/kg/min
- Cardiogenic Shock: Infusion of 10 mcg/kg/min
- Bradycardia: Infusion of 10 mcg/kg/min
- Crush: Infusion of 2 mcg/kg/min
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