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what is nephrotic syndrome
- it is not a disorder there is a group of signs
- protein in urine
- low serum protein
- high cholesterol
- edema
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causes of nephrotic syndrome
disorders or conditions that damage the kidney
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UA and CMP results for nephrotic syndrome
- UA
- large amounts of urine and presence of fats
- CMPdecreased albumin
- high cholesterol
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What is urinary tract trauma
injury to structures of the urinary tract
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What is a sign of bleeding
low B/P
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what is prostate cancer
malignant tumor of the prostate gland
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what are the signs of prostate cancer
asymptomatic till advance stage 3-4
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what are bladder tumors
benign papillomas so noncancinomas
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recurrence rate of bladder tumors
60%
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what is polycystic kidney disease(PKD)
genetic disorder that cluster cysts in the kidney
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What does Polycystic kidney disease(PKD) cause
- Hypertension due to renin being released
- Kidney failure over time
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what are renal cysts
cysts form in the kidney causing less nephrons to work
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what are renal tumors
adenocarcinoma that develop unilaterally
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where do the renal cell carcinoma usally come from
proximal convoluted tubules
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early clinical manifestations of renal tumors
intermittent painless hematuria
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late clinical manifestations of renal tumors
- weight loss
- dull flank pain
- palpable mass in flank area
- GROSS HEMATURIA
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what is a radical nephrectomy
removal of entire kidney, nearby adrenal gland, nearby lymph nodes and surrounding tissue
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what is a nursing consideration for radical nephrectomy
watch for bleeding
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what is important to mention for discharge planning after a radical nephrectomy
protect the kidney thats left
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what is a lames term for hydronephrosis
water in kidney
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what is hydronephrosis
dilation of the renal pelvis holding in fluid
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what is a slow onset clinical manifestation of hydronephrosis
dull flank pain
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what is a sudden onset clinical manifestation of hydronephrosis
severe stabbing pain
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what is pyenephritis
an inflammation of the structures of kidneys
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clinical manifestation for pyenephritis
high fever, chills, n/v, malaise and fatique
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what is the difference of low grade fever and high grade fever
- high grade fever above 100.4
- low grade fever below 100.4
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what is a UTI
presence of micro organisms within the urinary tract that may be difficult to distinguish between combination, colonisation or infection
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who gets the most amount of UTI's
women
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UTI in the kidney is called
- Acute Pyelonephritis
- Chronic Pyelonephritis
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UTI in the bladder is called
Cystitis
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UTI in the urethra is called
urathritis
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UTI in the prostate is called
prostatitis
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UTI in the epididymis/testis is called
epididymo-orchitis
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clinical manifestations of Urethritis
- painful urination, burning
- cloudiness or blood in urine
- NO FEVER
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clinical manifestations of cystitis
- inflammation of bladder
- urgent urination and WBC in urine
- LOW GRADE FEVER
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clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis
FEVER, lion pain, bacteraemia
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what is the most common bacteria to cause UTI's
Escherichia coli (E. Coli)
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why do females have a high incidence of UTI's
Short urethra
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Some ways to diagnose UTI's
- urine dip
- UA Culture and sensitivity
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What are the principals of management for UTI's
- Identify the infecting organism et institute appropriate tx
- identify predisposing factors and treat if possible
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what is Prostatitis
inflammation and infection of the prostate gland
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what is urethral stricture
narrowing of the urethral lumen
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clinical manifestations for urethral stricture
weak urinary stream
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what is BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy
enlargement of the prostate gland from unknown cause
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who is BPH most common in
men older than 55 years old
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what is Avodart for
shrinking the prostate
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what is Hytrin for
decrease contraction and helps alleviate symptoms of enlarge prostate
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what is urolithiasis
formation of urinary calculi (kidney stones)
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tx for urolithiasis warn pt about lithotripsy
- pre med pt before tx
- warn about 24-48hrs of hematuria
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what is a nursing consideration for urolithiasis
Strain all urine
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what is urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
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what is specific urethritis
Gonorrhea
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how do nurses cause urethritis
putting in a catheter
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antibiotic for specific urethritis
Noroxin
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liquid color of specific and non specific urethritis
- specific milky, or green
- non specific clear
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what is cystitis
inflammation of the wall of the urinary bladder
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what is interstitial cystitis
chronic inflammation of the wall of the bladder
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who has a higher chance of getting interstitial cystitis
women age 18-30
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what is the only med approved by the FDA for interstitial cystitis
Elmiron
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what is elmiron
medication for interstitial cystitis
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