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a. __and two sets of __, which surround the __ and __
b. Internal organs: __, which produce both __
and __, and a system of __ and __, which receive and carry __and house the__ and __
- Clitoris
- labia
- clitoris and vaginal opening
- gonads
- eggs
- reproductive hormones
- ducts and chambers
- gametes
- embryo and fetus
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a. Ovaries
i. Female gonads are a pair of __that flank the __and are held in place in the __cavity by __
- ovaries
- uterus
- abdominal
- ligaments
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Explain the outer layer of the ovaries.
- 1. Outer layer packed with follicles, each consisting of an oocyte, a partially developed egg, surrounded by a group of support cells
- a. The surrounding cells nourish and protect the oocyte during much of the formation and development of an egg
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a. Ovaries may have (at birth) 1-2 mil __but only 500 fully mature between __ and __
i. during typical 4-week menstrual cycle, what happens?
- follicles
- puberty and menopause
- one follicle matures and expels its egg (ovulation)
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1. prior to __, cells of follicle produce __
2. after it, the __ grows within the __, forming a mass called the __
- ovulation
- the primary female sex hormone, estradiol
- residual follicular tissue
- ovary
- corpus luteum
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What does the corpus luteum do?
a. this secretes additional estradiol and progesterone, which helps maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy
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What happens if the egg is not fertilized?
i. if the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates, and a new follicle matures during the next cycle
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Explain the oviduct.
i. Oviduct, or fallopian tube, extends from uterus toward each ovary, varying along its length, with inside diameter near uterus being very narrow
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i. At __, the egg is released into the abdominal cavity near the opening of the __
1. __on the __ of the duct help collect the egg by doing what?
a. Together with __, the cilia convey the egg down the duct to the __(womb)
- ovulation
- oviduct
- Cilia
- epithelial lining
- drawing fluid from the body cavity into the oviduct
- wavelike contractions of oviduct
- uterus
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Explain the uterus
- i. thick, muscular organ that expands during pregnancy to fit fetus
- 1. Inner lining, the endometrium, is richly supplied with blood vessels
- 2. Neck of uterus, called the cervix, opens into the vagina
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Structure of vagina.
muscular but elastic chamber that is the site for insertion of the penis and deposition of sperm during copulation
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Function of the vagina
1. Serves as birth canal for birth and opens to outside at the vulva, the collective term for external female genitalia
-
i. __ (thick, fatty ridges) enclose and protect the rest of the vulva
ii. Vaginal opening and separate opening of the urethra are located within a cavity bordered by a pair of slender skin folds, the __
-
1. Located at top of labia minora, the clitoris consists of __ supporting a rounded __, or head, covered by a small hood of skin, the __
a. During sexual arousal, the __all engorge with blood and largeà sensitive for stimulation
- erectile tissue
- glans
- prepuce
- clitoris, vagina, and labia minora
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i. Sexual arousal also induces __ near the vaginal opening to secrete __, facilitating intercourse
- vestibular glands
- lubricating mucus
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i. A thin piece of tissue called the __partly covers the vaginal opening in humans at birth and usually until sex or sports ruptures it
hymen
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a. Mammary Glands
i. Present in both sexes, but produce __only in females
1. (Are/ are not? )part of reproductive system, but are important
ii. Within glands, small sacs of __secrete __, which drain into ducts that open at nipple
- milk
- are not
- epithelial tissue
- milk
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i. Breasts contain __in addition to __
1. Because low level of estradiol in males limits development of fat deposits, male breasts= small
- connective and fatty tissue
- mammary glands
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