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Acidosis
Process that adds acid or elminates base from body fluids
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Active Transport
Process in which molecules move across a membrane againsta concentration gradient
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Alkalosis
Process that adds base or eliminates acide from body fluids
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Anions
Negatively charged ions
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Buffer
A substance that acts chemically to change strong acids into weaker acids or to bind acids to neutralize their effect
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Cations
Positively charged ions
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Diffusion
The process in which particles in a fluid move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Electrolyte
An element or compound that, when melted or dissolved in water or another solvent, dissociates into ions and is able to conduct an electric current
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Facilitated Diffusion
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration at an accelerated rate with the assistance of a specific carrier molecule
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Fluid Spacing
The distribution of water in the body
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Homeostasis
The state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body, naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival
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Hydrostatic Pressure
The force that fluid exerts within a compartment
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Hypertonic
Solutions that increase the degree of ostotic pressure on semipermeable membrane; more solutes in solution
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Hypotonic
Solutions that have a lower concentration of solute than another solution thus exerting less osmotic pressure on a semipermiable membrane
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Oncotic Pressure
The osmotic pressure of a colloid in solution, such as when there is a higher concentration of a protein in the plasma on one side of a cell membrane than in neighboring intersitial fluid
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Osmolarity
The measue of the osmotic force of solute per unit of weight of solvent (mOsm/kg or mmol/kg)
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Osmosis
The movement of water between two compartments separated by a membrane permeable to water but not to a solute
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Osmotic Pressure
Amount of pressure required to stop the osmotic flow of water
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pH
abbreviation for potential hydrogen, a scale representing the relative acidity (or alkalinity) of a solution, in which a value of 7.0 is neutral, below 7.0 is acid, and above 7.0 is alkaline
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Tetany
Increased nerve excitability and sustained muscle contraction that results from low calcium levels that allow sodium to move into excitable cells, increasing depolarization; low calcium levels affect the membrane potential
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Valence
The electrical charge of an ion that is numberic expression of the capability of an element to combine chemically with other elements
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