-
What are the different gram negative bacteria?
- Pasteurella
- Haemophilus
- Bordetella
- Actinobacillus
- Pseudomonas
- Aeromonas
- Moraxella
- Enterobacteriaceae
-
What kind of invader is Pasteurella?
usually a secondary invader, but can be a primary invader too
-
What can Pasteurella cause?
- snuffles in rabbits
- severe mastitis in cattle and sheep
- hemorrhagic septicemia
- shipping complex in cattle
- found in bite wounds in dogs and cats
-
How can cattle get shipping fever complex?
- transportation
- dehorning
- castration
- weaning
- adverse weather
- starvation
-
How is shipping fever complex transmitted?
-
What are the clinical signs of shipping fever?
- high fever
- anorexia
- dyspnea
- coughing
- nasal discharge
- pneumonia
-
Where is Haemophilus found?
- commensal in prepuce of dogs
- commensal on mucous membranes of respiratory tract and genital tract
-
What can Haemophilus cause?
meningoencephalitis, pneumonia, and conjunctivitis in cattle
-
How is Haemophilus transmitted?
transmission is unknown but thought to be aerosol
-
Where is Bordetella found?
- commensal in upper respiratory tract of dogs and swine
- often a secondary invader of dogs with distemper
-
What is another name for Bordetella in dogs?
kennel cough
-
What are the clinical signs of kennel cough?
- tracheobronchitis
- honking non-productive cough
- exercise intolerance
-
How does Bordetella affect swine?
- atrophic rhinitis
- affect turbinates, get upward or lateral deviation of the nose
-
Where do we find Actinobacillus? And how does disease occur?
- in oral cavity of healthy animals and rumen of cattle, sheep, and goats
- disease occurs with oral trauma
-
What is Actinobacillus called in cattle?
wooden tongue
-
Describe wooden tongue.
- granulomas and abscesses
- enlarged tongue
- inability to prehend food
- excess salivation
-
Actinobacillus is commonly seen in _____ foals.
septicemic
-
How can foals become infected with Acinobacillus?
can become infected at birth through the umbilicus
-
Actinobacillus can be a purulent infection of _____ and _____.
-
What produces enzymes that play a role in production of disease?
Pseudomonas
-
Where do we commonly find Pseudomonas?
common inhabitant of the soil and nasal cavity
-
What does Pseudomonas infect in dogs?
- wounds
- ears and urinary tract in dogs
-
What does Pseudomonas affect in horses?
respiratory tract
-
What does Pseudomonas cause in cattle?
- mastitis
- abortion
- traumatic pericarditis
-
What color does Pseudomonas produce on the agar?
blue green pigment
-
What kind of odor does Pseudomonas have?
fruity odor
-
Is Pseudomonas easy or difficult to treat?
difficult
-
What can grow in gasoline?
Pseudomonas
-
What species does Aeromonas affect?
- fish
- reptiles
- mammals
- amphibians
-
What is another name for Moraxella?
infectious keratoconjunctivitis in cattle - pink eye
-
What are the clinical signs of infectious keratoconjunctivitis?
- serous ocular discharge
- later becomes mucopurulent
- cloudiness to cornea
- bloodshot eyes
- squinting - photophobia
-
What time of the year is Moraxella the most common?
summer
-
What type of cattle are more susceptible to Moraxella?
white faced cattle
-
How do cattle get Moraxella?
- flies carry ocular discharge from one cow to another
- cows rubbing on each other or other objects can transmit the disease
-
Where in the body is Enterobacteriaceae found?
intestinal bacteria
-
What happens to Enterobacteriaceae after death?
- after death, the bacteria rapidly invade the surrounding tissues
- if necropsy is done several hours after death, Enterobacteriaceae outside of the intestines should be interpreted with caution
-
What are the different kinds of Enterobacteriaceae?
- Escherichia coli
- Salmonella
- Klebsiella
- Proteus
- Serratia
- Enterobacter
-
What does Escherichia coli cause?
- calf and piglet scours
- mastitis
- urinary tract infections in dogs
- enterotoxemia in foals
-
How many types of Salmonella are there?
more than 100
-
What does Salmonella do to younger animals?
- septic form
- mortality nearly 100%
- may not see diarrhea
-
What does Salmonella cause in older animals?
acute enteritis
-
What are the clinical signs of Salmonella enteritis?
- severe watery diarrhea
- high fever
- feces has putrid odor
- may contain mucus
- chronic form - diarrhea, emaciation, intermittent fever
-
What does Klebsiella cause in cattle, pigs, and horses?
- mastitis
- cervicitis
- metritis
- septicemia in foals
-
What does Klebsiella cause in dogs?
pneumonia
-
Describe Proteus while culturing it.
- swarming growth on culture media
- distinct putrid odor on media
-
What can Proteus cause in dogs?
- cystitis and urinary infections
- ear infections
-
What can Proteus cause in cats?
ear infections
-
What can Proteus cause in younger animals?
possibly diarrhea
-
What does Serratia look like at room temperature?
produces a red pigment
-
What does Serratia cause?
nosocomial infections - urinary and respiratory tracts
-
What are the two types of Enterobacter?
- Enterobacter aerogenes
- Enterobacter cloaceae
-
Where do we find Enterobacter?
- human skin
- fruits
- vegetables
- equipment
|
|