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Primary HTN
- *No specific cause
- *Combination of genetic and environmental factors.
- *Obesity, ETOH, smoking, NA intake, alterations in Renin-Angiotensin system.
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Secondary HTN
- From another cause.
- Chronic Kidney disease
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Cushing's syndrome
- Drug induced
- Pheochromocytoma
- Renovascular HTN
- Sleep apnea
- Thyroid disease
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Medications that increase BP
Oral contraceptives, steroids, appetite suppressants, antidepressants (tricylic), Effexor, NSAIDS, some nasal decongestants, and herbal products.
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Most common in what race?
African-Americans
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What percentage of pts have essential(idiopathic) HTN?
95%
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Strongly associated with what disease?
Type II Diabetes.
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Cardiac output=
HR, stroke volume, blood volume, and venous capacitance.
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TPR (total peripheral resistance) depends on?
arterioles
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BP=
- CO x TPR
- (highest during systole)
- (lowest during diastole)
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Pulse pressure=
systolic-diastolic pressure
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Beta receptors do what?
stimulate the release of Norepinephrine, where as alpha- 2 receptors inhibit norepinephrine release, which produces vasodilation and decreases BP.
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Alph-1 receptors-
Cause vasoconstriction
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Beta-2 receptors-
Cause vasodilation.
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Beta-1 receptors-
- (located on heart and kidneys)
- -Regulate HR and contractility which affects cardiac output.
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