Histology and Physiology of Bones

• 1. Hyaline cartilage
• 2. Fibrocartilage
• 3. Elastic cartilage

are cells that produce cartilage matrix

mature cartilage cell

small space or cavity; potential space within the matrix of bone or cartilage normally occupied by a cell

is a double-layered connective tissue sheath covering most cartilage; outer layer is dense irregular connective tissue and contains fibroblast; inner layer has fewer fibers and contains chondroblast

is the cartilage covering the ends of bone where they come together to form joints, has no perichondrium, blood vessels or nerves

is the addition of new cartilage matrix on the surface of new cartilage or to place one layer of bone, cartilage, or other connective tissue against an existing layer

is the addition of new cartilage matrix within cartilage or growth from within

produce new bone matrix and become osteocytes; bone-forming cells

is the formation of bone by osteoblast

are mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix, are located in lacunae and are connected to one another through canaliculi

are large, multinucleated cells that are responsible for the resorption, or breakdown, of bone

are stem cells that can become osteblasts or chondroblasts, are located in the inner layer of perichondrium, periosteum, and the endosteum

mesenchymal cells which can replicate and give rise to more specialized cells type

the collagen fibers are randomly oriented in many directions; first formed during fetal development or during the repair of a fracture and is remodeled to form lamellar bone

process where osteoclasts remove old bone and osteoblasts deposit new bone; it converts woven bone to lamellar and allows bone to change shape, adjust to stress, repair it self, and regulate body calcium levels

is mature bone that is organized into thin sheets or layers of lamellae, which have collagen fibers oriented parallel to one another

consists of thin rods or plates of interconnecting bone called trabeculae

beams of bone that interconnect to form a latticelike structure with spaces filled with bone marrow and blood vessels; oriented along lines of stress and provide structural strength

is dense with few spaces

vessels that run parallel to the long axis of the bone

are circular layers of bone matrix that surround th central canal

consists of a single central canal, its contents, and associated concentric lamella and osteocytes

are thin plates that extend around the bone

are remants of concentric or circumfenential lamella that were partially removed bone remodeling

runs perpendicular to lng axis of the bone

are longer than they are wide

are about as wide as they are long

have a relatively thin, flattened shape and are usually curved

have shapes that do not fit readily into the other 3 categories

shaft of long bones

is composed of cartilage, is the site of bone growth in length

the end of bone

the site where the cartilage of the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone when bone growth stops

the diaphysis of a long bone have a large internal space

the site of blood cell formation

is mostly adipose tissue

is a connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of a bone

is a single layer of cells lining the internal surface of all cavities within bones

is the formation of bone within a connective tissue membrane

are locations in the membrane where ossification begins

larger membrane-covered spaces between the developing skull bones that have yet been ossified; soft spots

is the formation of bone within cartilage