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Bio 220 - Chapter 4 Energy Cell Metabolism
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Cells need energy to...
make new molecules
repair or recycle aging parts
import raw materials
Isozymes
play an important role in the dx of certain medical conditions
are enzymes that catalyze the same reaction
have complex structures with multiple protein chains
a competitive inhibitor binds to...
the active site
an allosteric modulator binds to
a region of the enzyme other than the active site
changes in the pH or temperature of an enzyme, changes the activity of the enzyme due to...
change of the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme
the active sites of enzymes are
regions of an enzyme that are involved in bringing reactants together
all chemical reactions that take place within an organism
metabolism
reactions that require energy and result in the synthesis of large biomolecules
anabolism
grouping related enzymes into specific organelles
compartmentation
requires O2 and produces more ATP per glucose than anaerobic pathways
Aerobic metabolism
glycolosis occurs in theĀ
cytoplasm
reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the
mitochondria
a molecule positioned on the high-concentration side of a concentration gradient
potential energy
a chemical reaction that can proceed in both directions
reversible reaction
chemical reaction that requires an input of energy
endergonic
chemical reactions that release energy are
exergonic
First law of thermodynamics
energy is neither created nor destroyed
It takes energy tokeep order
Law of entropy
what is the biproduct of energy
heat
We don't create energy, we...
convert energy
The ultimate source of energy for life on the planet comes from
the sun
The capacity to do work
energy
Three types of cellular work
chemical work
transport work
mechanical work
this type of cellular work promotes growth, repair, and replacement of cells:
synthesizes proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
breaks down carbohydrates
chemical cork
this type of cellular work moves molecules and ions across membranes via concentration gradients
transport work
this type of cellular work is related to movement (example: cilia)
mechanical work
energy of motion
kinetic energy
stored energy
potential energy
energy released (exit energy)
exergonic
energy in - like adding heat to an experiment
endergonic
These molecules act to lower the activation energy
Put reactants in the right place at the right time
enzymes
The sum of all chemical reactions taking place in the body
metabolism
Disorder in the universe is always increasing
Law of entropy
Second law of thermodynamics
Where does ATP synthesis take place?
mitochondria
enzymes are proteins made up of
chains of amino acids in the order specified by our genes
vitamins and minerals act with other enzymes and are called
cofactors or coenzymes
when enzymes transfer electrons from one molecule to another
oxidation reaction
addition or removal of H2O
hydrolysis-dehydration
joining of two molecules
ligation
pathways that breakdown macromolecules to produce energy
catabolic metabolism
A+B<------A-B
pathways that use energy to build macromolecules
anabolic metabolism
A+B------>A-B
movement downhill until equilibrium is reached
law of mass action
cells managing the flow through the pathways based on needs
regulation
Author
cbennett
ID
194123
Card Set
Bio 220 - Chapter 4 Energy Cell Metabolism
Description
Bio 220 - Chapter 4
Updated
2013-02-03T02:22:58Z
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