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Diet:
The kind and amount of food consumed each day.
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Food:
Anything that nourishes the body.
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Nutrition:
The study of how food keeps us alive.
– Includes the ingestion,digestion, absorption,assimilation, and excretionof food.
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Nutritional Sciences:
The study of nutrition including dietary components and metabolism.
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Nutrient:
Molecular substances that are nourishing or that provide nourishment to cells and thus every multicellular component of the human organism.
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Essential:
The body cannot make these nutrients,they must be consumed. Without an intake, specific deficiency signs and symptom occur.
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Nonessential:
The body can make these nutrients.Without an intake, nutritional deficiency signs and symptom do not occur.
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Energy Producing:
Produces Calories when metabolized by the body.
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Non-Energy Producing:
Do not provide Calories but have other important functions.
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Molecules to Cells to Organisms in the Order of Life
- Molecule
- nutrient
- cell
- tissue
- organ
- organ system
- organism
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Overview of the Nutrients:
Water contains
Oxygen; Hydrogen
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Overview of the Nutrients
Carbohydrate contains
Oxygen; Carbon; Hydrogen
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Overview of the Nutrients
Fat contains
Oxygen; Carbon; Hydrogen
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Overview of the Nutrients
Protein contains
Oxygen; Carbon; Hydrogen; Nitrogen
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Overview of the Nutrients
Vitamins contain
Oxygen; Carbon; Hydrogen, Nitrogen*
*some B vitamins contain Nitrogen
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Overview of the Nutrients
Minerals contain
Minerals
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The Six Categories of Nutrients
- Can be divided into two categories:
- • Energy Producing Nutrients (Macronutrients)
- – Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins
- • Essential Non-caloric Nutrients
- – Vitamins & Minerals
- (Micronutrients)
- – Water
- • Energy producing nutrients provide Calories
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The Kilocalorie (Calorie):
– The unit used to measure energy.
– It is the amount of heat energy required to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius (C)from 36o-37oC (actually a kilocalorie, Kcal or Calorie denoted with a capitol “C”).
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Energy Producing Nutrients
Carbohydrate provides 4 Calories per gram
Protein provides 4 Calories per gram
Fat provides 9 Calories per gram
Alcohol provides 7 Calories per gram
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How do we apply the Kilocalorie (Calorie) definition to the energy applied to food?
By using a Bomb Calorimeter.
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Energy Production in the Body
The ultimate fuel used in the body is a chemical called
ATP;
• ATP = Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
• We capture the chemical energy between the carbon-carbon bonds in Carbohydrate, Fat and Protein to form ATP
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Nicknames: Energy Producing Nutrients
Carbohydrates are the
High Performance Fuel
– Carbs are fast and best at making ATP
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Nicknames: Energy Producing Nutrients
Fats are the
Low Level Fuel
– Fats are very slow to produce ATP
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Nicknames: Energy Producing Nutrients
Proteins are the
building blocks for growth and repair
– Only under intense stress does protein provide ATP
– Loads of toxic waste is produced when protein is over consumed
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What does non-caloric mean?
- • No ability to generate ATP
- • No Calorie value
- • Some non-caloric nutrients can be essential for the body
- • Physiological failure or death occurs if the nutrient is withheld from the diet
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The Goal of Eating
To fuel and nourish the body optimally
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Food keeps us alive by providing Calories (energy) and Nutrients. The relationship between Calories and Nutrients is called:
Nutrient Density: Refers to the amount of nutrients provided relative to the number of Calories. Foods with high nutrient density are nutritious.
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Result of a sound diet:
Health: The state of complete physical,mental, and social well-being; not just the absence of infirmity.
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Result of a poor diet:
Malnutrition: Impairment of health resulting from deficiency, toxicity, or imbalance of nutrient intake or body utilization (includes over-nutrition and under-nutrition).
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