Unit 1 (Basic Concepts)

any abnormal change in the function or structure of the body as a result of some type of injury:

sequence of events producing cellular changes that lead to observable changes known as manifestations:

the term to describe how the disease presents itself:

the study of disease processes:

the patient's perception of the disease that has subjective manifestations:

an objective manifestation that can be detected by the physician during examination:

a group of signs and symptoms that characterizes a specific abnormal disturbance.

the study of the cause of a disease:

a term used when no cause for disease can be identified:

a disease that is acquired from the environment of the hospital:

adverse responses that occur from medical treatment itself:

a disease that has a quick onset and last a short period of time:

a disease that occurs more slowly and lasts a very long time:

the name of the disease:

the prediction of the course and outcome of the disease:

lasting side effects from having an acute illness:

description of a disease process in which there is decrease in body tissue density:

Body tissue is altered by increasing the normal tissue density.

diseases that produce lesions that are similar in form and structure:

the investigation of disease in large groups:

the number of cases of a disease found in a given population:

the number of new cases of a disease found in a given time period:

diseases of high prevalence in an area where a given causative organism is commonly found:

give the example we used for an endemic:

excessive prevalence or an outbreak of disease in the same geographical area:

a widespread epidemic, that is, a disease or outbreak that affects very high proportions of the population, or populations throughout the world:

The number of deaths caused by a particular disease averaged over a population:

the incidence of sickness sufficient to interfere with an individual’s normal daily routine:

tracks, monitors, and reports trends in health and aging and responsible for trending morbidity rates:

collects death certificates from each state and publishes information on mortality statistics and trends:

monitors and reports mortality rates in terms of leading causes of death, according to sex, race, age, and specific causes of death such as heart disease or breast cancer:

leading causes of death in the US are _________ diseases. name the top two.

over the past nine years, mortality rates have declined for:

mortality rates are on the rise for:

mortality info comes from ________________ and statistics can be affected by:

an international coding system or standard diagnostic classification system used to report causes of death:

used to classify diseases and other health problems and is recorded on many types of health and vital records including death certificates and health records:

the total value of goods and services produced in a country over a period of time:

In 1998 U.S. health spending accounted for _______ of gross domestic product, a larger share than in any other major industrialized country.

how much were health care expenditures in 2004?

the project coordinated by the US department of energy (DOE) and the national institutes of health (NIH) to identify all 20,000 to 25,000 genes in human DNA:

be familiar with the applications of genome research:

list the six disease classifications:

present at birth, genetic or environmental causes:

developmental disorders passed down from parents/ancestors:

results from  the body’s reaction to a localized injurious agent. Internal or external agents destroy cells or cause the body to injure itself through the inflammatory process:

a type of inflammatory disease stemming from invasion by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi:

a type of inflammatory disease which results from poisoning by biologic substances:

a type of inflammatory disease that is an overreaction of the body’s own defenses:

a type of inflammatory disease in which antibodies are formed and act against and injure that patient’s own tissues:

a generalized pathologic process that is nonspecific to the agent causing the injury:

with an inflammatory reaction, substances released from the damaged tissues can cause:

clinical symptoms of acute inflammation:

damage caused by an injurious agent may not necessarily result in tissue death:

when it comes to tissue regeneration, what type of cell doesn't normally replace itself?

________________________ is the alternative to regeneration, this leads to:

removal of dead cells and materials:

replication of the cells via mitosis to fill in the tissues includes:

an inflammatory process caused by a disease-causing organism where the pathogenic agent multiplies and causes injurious effects:

refers to the ease with which an organism can overcome the body’s defenses:

a type of disease in which the function or structure of the tissue deteriorates; process usually occurs with aging, but can occur in younger individuals, for example after an injury.

the physiologic processes reach a peak, and gradually fade (degenerate) until the body can’t survive:

factors affecting the aging process:

diseases common with aging:

radiographic indication of osteoarthritis:

diseases caused by a disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body:

the sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body:

give some examples of metabolic diseases:

metabolic functions are regulated by:

list major endocrine glands:

mineral salts dissolved in the body’s water:

two examples of electrolytes:

causes of electrolyte imbalance:

the most common disturbance of fluid balance, due to insufficient intake of water or excessive loss of water:

disturbance of either fluid or electrolyte balances upset __________ , the body’s normal internal resting state:

a disease classification that may result from mechanical forces, effects of ionizing radiation, hot or cold temperatures:

an injury of soft parts associated with rupture of the skin:

bleeding into the tissue spaces as a result of capillary rupture:

disease classification caused by alterations in cell growth, resulting in new, abnormal tissue growth:

the many types of cellular change that can occur in response to disease:

results from overgrowth of cells, they can be benign or malignant:

a general term denoting various types of malignant neoplasms:

when differences between the new cells and the original cells are small, the growth is termed:

If cells have atypical characteristics, they are considered _____________________ and have a high probability of malignancy.

the spread of cancer cells:

the spreading of cancer cells by the blood stream:

the spreading of cancer cells by the lymphatic system:

the spreading of cancer cells into surrounding tissue because of close proximity of the area:

cancer cells travel to a distant site or distant organ system:

one type of cancer and is derived from epithelial tissue, this is not the same as the general term cancer:

a cancer which arises from connective tissue:

cancer which arises from blood cells:

cancer which arises from lymphatic cells:

benign and malignant tumors are named according to:

name three treatments of cancer:

the type of cancer treatment depends on:

treatment that allows the patient to remain free of disease for five years or more:

treatment which is designed to relieve pain when curing is not possible:

a classification used to determine the appropriate treatment and also, helps in determining prognosis:

know the following tumor root words:

adeno
angio
chondro
fibro
hemangio
lipo
myo
neuro
osteo

a system endorsed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) used to stage cancer:

be familiar with the TNM grading system:

additional categorization of tumors, past the TNM system, based on:

neoplastic cells are examined histologically, and these growths are categoized or “graded” according to:

generalized decrease in cell size:

a generalized increase in cell size:

absence of tumor cell differentiation, loss of cellular organization:

an increase in the number of cells in tissues as a result of excessive proliferation:

abnormal transformation of a specific differentiated cell into a differentiated cell of another type:

abnormal changes of mature cells: