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What anatomical division is made up of the Brain, cerebellum and brain stem?
Central nervous system
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What anatomical division includes Cranial nerves, spinal nerves and nerves from the spinal cord?
Peripheral nervous system
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What functional division is made up of sensory nerves from the head, body wall, extremities and motor nerves to voluntary muscles?
Somatic
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What function division is made up of sensory nerves from the visceral organs, and motor nerves to involuntary muscles and glands?
Autonomic
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what are groups of cell bodies outside the CNS called?
Ganglia
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What are cell bodies within the spinal cord called?
Rexed Lamina
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What are the four classifications of white matter axons in the spinal cord?
- 1. tracts
- 2. Fasciculus
- 3. Peduncles
- 4. lemniscus
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What percent of the brain is neuronal?
10%
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What are the two main types of cells that make up the nervous system?
- 1. Neurons
- 2. Neuroglial cells
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what are the neuroglia cells: asrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells classified as?
Central neuroglia
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What type of central neuroglia cells functions as structural support?
astrocytes
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What type of central neuroglia cells function like white blood cells?
microglia
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What type of central neuroglia cells line the ventricle walls?
ependymal
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what type of neuroglia cells do schwann and satellite cells comprise?
Peripheral neuroglia
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What type of peripheral neuroglia cells insulate ganglia?
Satellite cells (AKA amphicytes)
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What type of multipolar neuron has a long axon used for neurotransmission?
Golgi type I
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What type of multipolar neuron has a short axon and is used in interneurons?
Golgi Type II
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What type of neuron consists of many dendrites and a single axon
multipolar
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What type of neuron is made of a single axon and single dendrite?
Bipolar
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What is the function of bipolar neurons?
convey special visceral and somatic stimuli?
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What type of neuron has no dendrites and a single axon?
True unipolar
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Where are true unipolar neurons most commonly found?
retina and hypothalamus
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What type of neuron is found in cranial and spinal ganglia?
psuedounipolar
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What type of neuron has a single axon and dendrite that are fused?
psuedounipolar
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Where are neurosecretory neurons mainly found?
hypothalamus / neuroendocrine area
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What type of neurons display multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar morphologies?
Neurosecretory
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What zone is comprised of dendrite, cell body and initial axonal segment (ending at axon hillock)?
Dendritic zone
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what neuronal zone starts at axon hillock and ends just short of axonal terminals?
axonal zone
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What neuronal zone includes axonal terminals, buttons, etc?
Telodendritic zone (axon terminus)
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What organells in the soma are comprised of RER, Polysome, and free ribosome? and what are their functions?
- Nissl bodies
- synthesis of protein and amine
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What is responsible for synthesis of cholesterol and steroids in the soma?
Golgi and SEr
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What stores glycogen in the soma?
- nothing, they are dependent on the blood for glucose and oxygen.
- DUH Stupid!
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What organells are responsible for secreting enzymes that destroy tissue?
Lysosomes
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What organells provide structural integrity and move compounds within the neuron?
Neurofiliments and microtubules
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What chemical blocks the formation of microtubles and results in edema in the soma?
Colchicine
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What is colchicine used to treat?
Gout
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What type of oligodendrocytes are found in grey matter close to perikarya?
Perineuronal oligodendrocytes
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What is the most common type of synapses?
axodendritic
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What is the function of receptor subtype D1?
Up Regulates cAMP
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What is the function of receptor subtype D2?
Down regulates cAMP
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What are all glial cells except microglia derived from?
Neuroectoderm (neural tissue)
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What are microglia cells derived from?
mesoderm
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What type of oligodendrocytes are found in white matter of CNS?
Interfascicular oligodendrocytes
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What is the second most common type of glia cells?
Astrocytes
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What are the main functions of fibrous astrocytes? and where are they found?
- wrap capillaries
- limited phagocytotic
- found mainly in white matter
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What is the main function of Protoplasmic astrocytes and where are they found?
- cover non-synaptic neuronal surfaces
- found primarily in grey matter
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What type of glia cells are self motile, and capable of phagocytosis?
Microglia
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What are the main functions of ependymal cells?
- Line ventricles
- help move CSF
- Contribute to production of CSF
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