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Difficulty Breathing
Dyspnea
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The exchange of gas that occurs at the pulmonary and cellular levels.
Respiration
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The process of moving air into and out of the lungs.
Ventilation
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What nerve controls the diaphragm?
The phrenic nerve.
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What is the normal volume in an adult?
500 mL
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What is the normal inspiratory reserve volume in an adult male?
3000 mL
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What is the normal inspiratory reserve volume in a adult female?
2300 mL
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What is the normal expiratory reserve volume for an adult?
1200 mL
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The nervous system mechanism that terminates inhalation and prevents lung overexpansion.
Hering-Breuer Reflex
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The movement of gases from a area of higher concentration to a area of lower concentration.
Diffusion
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Supplying an organ or tissue with required nutrients and O2.
Perfusion
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S/s
-Wheezing on inspiration/expiration
-Bronchospasm
Asthma
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S/s
-Flushed skin or hives
-Generalized edema
-Decreased BP
-Laryngeal edema with dyspnea
Anaphylaxis
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S/s
-Chronic cough
-Wheezing
-Cyanosis
-Productive cough
Bronchitis
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S/s
-Dependent edema
-Rales (Crackles)
-Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
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S/s
-Fever
-Barking cough
-Mostly seen in pediatric pt.
Croup
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S/s
-Barrel chest
-Pursed-lip breathing
-Dyspnea on exertion
Emphysema
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S/s
-Dyspnea
-Chills, fever
-Cough
-Dark Sputum
Pneumonia
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S/s
-Sudden chest pain with dyspnea
-Decreased B/S on the affected side
Pneumothorax
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S/s
-Sharp, pinpoint pain
-Dyspnea
-Sudden onset
-After childbirth or surgery
Pulmonary Embolus
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S/s
-Progressive SOB
-Increasing altered LOC
-JVD
-Tracheal deviation
Tension Pneumothorax
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S/s
-Coughing spells
-"Whooping" sound
-Fever
-Mostly seen in pediatric pt.
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A condition characterized by a chronically high level of CO2 in blood as a result of a respiratory disease.
Carbon Dioxide Retention
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Backup system to control respirations when O2 levels fall dangerously low.
Hypoxic Drive
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A condition in which the body's cells and tissues do not have enough O2.
Hypoxia
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Collapse of alveoli.
Atelectasis
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A viral infection usually associated with swollen nasal mucous membranes and the production of fluid from the sinuses.
Common Cold
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An infectious disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children; also referred to as laryngotracheobronchitis.
Croup
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An infectious disease in which a membrane lining the pharynx is formed that can severely obstruct passage of air into the larynx.
Diphtheria
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Inflammation of the epiglottis due to a bacterial infection that can produce severe swelling of the flap over the larynx.
Epiglottitis
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A virus that has crossed the animal/human barrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strain.
Influenza Type A
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A acute bacterial or viral infection of the lung that damages lung tissue, usually associated with fever, cough, and the production of sputum.
Pneumonia
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A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of left-sided CHF.
Pulmonary Edema
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Severe dyspnea experienced when lying down and relieved by sitting up.
Orthopnea
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A slow, degenerative process that causes destructive changes in the alveoli and bronchioles in the lungs.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
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What is the most common cause of COPD?
Cigarette Smoking
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Irritation and inflammation of the major lung passageways, from either infectious disease of irritants such as smoke.
Chronic Bronchitis
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What is the clinical definition of chronic bronchitis?
A productive cough for at least 3 months per year for 2 or more consecutive years.
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What is the normal Bicarbonate Level (HCO3)?
22-26
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What is the normal pH level?
7.35-7.45
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What is the normal PaCO2 level?
35-45
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What is metabolic acidosis or alkalosis based on?
The Bicarbonate levels
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What is respiratory acidosis or alkalosis based on?
- PaCO2 Levels
- Carbon Dioxide Levels
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What is the lpm for a NRB?
12-15
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What is the lpm for a NC?
2-6
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What is the lpm for a partial rebreather mask?
8-12
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CPAP should be considered when a pt. has a resp. rate below __ or above __.
Below 8 or above 28
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What is a FROPVD?
- F - Flow
- R - Restricted
- O - O2
- P - Powered
- V - Ventilation
- D - Device
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A drum-like hollow sound heard when you percuss the chest; indicates air in the thorax.
Hyperressonance
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A narrowing pulse pressure where the diastolic pressure rises is a indication of what stage of shock?
Compensated
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A drop in BP, usually below 90 mm Hg, is a sign of what stage of shock?
Decompensated
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A present carotid pulse indicates a systolic BP of at least __ mm Hg.
60
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A present femoral pulse indicates a systolic BP of at least __ mm Hg.
70
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A present radial pulse indicates a systolic BP of at least __ mm Hg.
80
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The point where you can feel the heart beat the strongest.
The point of maximum impulse
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Nuchal Rigidity
Stiffness of the neck
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Hemoptysis
Coughing up blood
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Hematemisis
Vomiting blood
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Blue Bloaters is another name for pt. with _____.
Chronic Bronchitis
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Pink Puffers is another name for pt. with _____.
Emphysema
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What is Cor Pulmonale?
Right sided heart failure caused by a respiratory disease.
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What is the adult dose of Albuterol?
2.5 mg Albuterol in 2.5 mL NS every 5 to 15 min prn.
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What is the pediatric dose of Albuterol?
0.15 mg Albuterol in 2.5 mL NS every 5 to 15 min prn
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What is the adult Epi dose?
- 1:1000 solution
- 0.3 - 0.5 mg
- IM or SC every 15 min prn
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