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Hominids
Humans and other creatures that walk upright, such as australopithecines
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Prehistory
The time before the invention of writing - 5,000 years ago
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Archeology
uncover the story of prehistoric people by excavating and studying the traces of early settlements
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The Leakey family
archeologists that led a scientific expedition to the region of Laetoli in Tanzania in East Africa
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Lucy
found in Ethiopia (1,000 miles north of Leaky) was an adult female hominid by Donald Johanson
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Homo habilis
found by Louis and Mary leakey that made tools of lava rock to make tools to cut meat and crack open bones for survival in East Africa “man of skill”
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Homo erectus
before Homo habilis left in East Africa “upright man”; more intelligent and adaptable species --> used technology
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Homo erectus
first hominids to migrate
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Homo sapiens
species name for modern humans “wise men” who had larger brains
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Paleolithic Age
Old Stone Age (earlier and longer part); chopping tools
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Neanderthals
was an early form of homo sapiens; powerfully built (heavy slanted brows, well-developed muscles, and thick bones); religious (funerals), resourceful (caves and temporary shelters of wood and animal skins); able to hunt in subarctic regions of Europe
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Australopithecines
hominids walked upright to travel and spot threatening animals and cary food and children; had opposable thumbs for small objects and making tools
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Cro-Magnon
skelital remains are identical to modern humans; strong, 5’1”; migrated from North Africa to Europe and Asia; new tools and planned hunts; and had spoken language
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Altamira and Lascaux cave art
magical rites, hunting rituals, or an attempt to mark the events during various seasons; symbolic > realistic (surrounding areas); 600 paintings and symbols in France
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Hunter-gatherers
Nomadic groups whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods
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Agricultural/Neolithic Revolution
scattered seeds--> coming back with new crops; change in climate; Jarmo; domestication of animals; slash-and-burn farming
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Catal Huyuk
fertile plain in south-central Turkey; “forked mound”; settled life (specialized skill workers, cultural life, natural disasters, attacked)
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Bronze Age
using bronze (not stone or copper) to fashion tools and weapons; copper and tin; started in Sumer
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Cuneiform
wedge shaped writing in Sumer used by scribes in clay tablets written with stylus; later for dramatic events
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Ziggurat
pyramid-shaped monument (temple) like the one in Ur who were used by priests to pray for god
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Ur
early Sumer city; 30,000 people; flourishing urban civilization; had agricultual economy; traded; had zigurrats
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